Why has Sudan endured more war than peace since gaining its independence?
In short: This documentary traces the history of Sudan’s three civil wars, examining how colonial divisions, military rule, and failed peace agreements have fueled a cycle of violence and fragmentation.
The conflict began with the 1955 Torit Mutiny, leading to the First Sudanese Civil War. While the Addis Ababa Agreement eventually ended this initial phase, it failed to resolve underlying grievances. The subsequent Second Sudanese Civil War saw the rise of the SPLA under John Garang and the emergence of Omar al-Bashir’s Islamist regime, with fighting complicated by oil disputes and the Darfur genocide.
The 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement paved the way for South Sudan’s independence but did not bring stability to the north. The current crisis stems from the transformation of the Janjaweed into the Rapid Support Forces led by Hemedti, culminating in the 2023 conflict between the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces. Foreign intervention has further prolonged this humanitarian catastrophe.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: Sudan’s Three Civil Wars Explained
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