Two tiny islets in the Sea of Japan spark a decades-long sovereignty dispute.

Countries & Cities · Published 30 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Known as Dokdo in Korea and Takeshima in Japan, these volcanic rocks are more than just a remote landmark. They represent a complex intersection of history, international law, and national identity, with both nations claiming deep-rooted historical rights to the territory despite its small size and harsh, isolated environment.

The Liancourt Rocks consist of two main islets, Seodo and Dongdo, surrounded by roughly 89 smaller rocks and reefs. Formed by volcanic activity between 4.6 and 2.5 million years ago, the entire group spans only about 19 hectares. While the islets are physically rugged—featuring steep cliffs, caves, and a thin layer of soil—they are ecologically significant, serving as a designated natural monument in South Korea since 1982 due to their diverse bird, plant, and marine life.

Sovereignty remains a point of intense contention. South Korea currently administers the rocks, classifying them as part of North Gyeongsang Province, and maintains a presence through a lighthouse, police barracks, and helicopter pad. Japan, however, maintains its own claim, classifying the islets as part of Shimane Prefecture. The dispute is fueled by conflicting interpretations of medieval records; South Korea points to historical references of 'Usando' as evidence of long-standing ownership, while Japanese researchers argue those documents refer to different locations entirely.

Human history on the rocks is sparse but persistent. While once a site for whaling and sea lion hunting, the islets have seen modern infrastructure development, including desalination plants and cellular towers. Although civilian residents have lived there in the past, including the late Kim Sung-do and Kim Shin-yeol, the islets are currently populated only by officials and police. Today, the rocks serve as a potent symbol of national pride, with tourism strictly regulated and ferry access frequently dictated by the unpredictable, often harsh, weather of the Sea of Japan.

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