The physics of jazz: how a corkscrew creates momentum
In short: Mastering complex jazz turns requires more than just balance; it demands an understanding of mechanical energy. By utilizing specific foot positions and the principle of the 'corkscrew,' dancers transform a simple step into a continuous chain of motion that relies on power generated from the floor.
The foundation of these movements lies in the fondu tendu, a position where one leg is stretched while the other remains in a deep bend. This serves as the primary power source for the soutenu turn. Described as a 'corkscrew' motion, the dancer steps out, crosses the leading leg over, and then unwinds back into the original fondu tendu position. This cycle allows for controlled rotation by using the plie to push off the floor.
Building on this base is the soutenu pique turn. The term 'pique' translates to 'to prick,' referring to the technique where a dancer steps out and strikes the floor like a needle. In this specific variation, the right leg pricks the floor while the left leg is held in a passe derriere turned out to the side. This adds an extension to the basic soutenu, requiring precise verticality and 'pulling up' to maintain height.
The chaine turn represents a sequence of steps that function like a linked chain. Starting from a releve in first position, dancers perform successive half-turns with straight, locked legs. To manage the complexity of these rotations, instructors often emphasize 'spotting'—keeping one point on the wall in focus—and using rounded arms for stability. For beginners, teachers may use props to help students control their arm placement or have them walk elongated at a ballet barre to internalize the necessary posture before attempting full rotations.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: Soutenu, Soutenu Pique & Chaines Turns | Jazz Dance
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