Why did the Roman Empire collapse? Challenging the myths of decay and barbarians.

Clifford Ando | The Long Defeat: The Fall of the Roman Empire · 59:05 · Video: The Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures · Watch at the source

In short: Clifford Ando examines the enduring historical puzzle of Rome's decline. This lecture series explores whether the fall of one of history's longest-lived polities was driven by internal rot, external barbarian pressure, or religious shifts, while questioning why classic theories from Augustine and Gibbon no longer hold weight.

The collapse of the Roman Empire remains a central question for historians, often framed as a choice between external barbarian invasions and internal systemic decay. This lecture investigates the validity of these traditional explanations and considers the role of Christianity in the empire's transformation.

Central to the discussion is an analysis of why the influential theories proposed by St. Augustine and Edward Gibbon have largely fallen out of favor among modern scholars. By revisiting these foundational perspectives, the lecture aims to clarify the complexities behind the long defeat of Rome in both its Eastern and Western territories.

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