Colonization means sending people to live in and govern elsewhere
Colonization is the act of sending people to inhabit and rule another country; settlement is sometimes used as a synonym. Settler colonialism lets newcomers dominate while the metropole stays linked through them. Ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans already planted colonies around the Mediterranean.
Latin roots run through colere (to till), colonia (farm estate), and colonus (farmer), extended to inhabiting. European claims in Australia and Oceania often treated land as terra nullius—nobody’s land—feeding legal doctrines elsewhere, including Mexico’s 1824 colonization law. Manifest destiny in the United States drew on the same idea. In settler colonies a minority either assimilates or suppresses the people already there, or makes itself the majority by expelling or killing them and filling the land through migration and births. Karl T. Muth observes that colonial administration is carved up to suit the parent state's convenience and profit rather than the wishes of residents.
Rome conquered “civilized” provinces in North Africa and West Asia and pushed into northern Europe differently. After Rome, migrations including Hunnic pressure reshaped Europe. Sassanid Persians planted colonies in Yemen and Oman; Arabs established colonies across North Africa, Mesopotamia, and the Levant. The upheaval as Rome declined also gave rise to peoples who shaped modern nations, among them the Franks and the Anglo-Saxons.
Many European cities began as Roman colonies. Cologne takes its name from Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, and London started life as Londinium. The Huns pressing west from Asia set off a chain of displacement that eventually pushed the Goths across the Roman frontier, a conflict that helped bring the empire down. Scandinavian Vikings, first known as raiders from Denmark, southern Norway and southern Sweden, turned to trade and settlement, colonising Iceland and then Greenland, where their villages lasted into the fifteenth century, before a failed attempt at Vinland, probably L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
Source: Colonization
