How do creatures survive in the freezing waters beneath Antarctica's thick ice?

Antarctica’s Strange Underwater World | NOVA | PBS · 11:31 · Video: NOVA PBS Official · Watch at the source

In short: Beneath the Antarctic ice lies a hidden ecosystem of bizarre life forms. This video explores how specialized fish and invertebrates thrive in sub-zero temperatures, providing a rare look at the marine life that sustains the continent's larger predators like penguins and seals.

The Antarctic marine environment hosts a variety of unique organisms, including ancient sponges, sea spiders, ribbon worms, and massive jellyfish. Among the most remarkable are notothenioid fishes, which have evolved specific biological mechanisms to prevent their bodies from freezing despite living in waters that are technically below their freezing point.

Hosts Arlo Pérez and Caitlin Saks investigate this remote natural laboratory, embedding with researchers at the largest Antarctic research base. By studying these resilient species, scientists gain insight into the complex food webs that support the region's seals and penguins, revealing how life persists in Earth's most extreme conditions.

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