Why do atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds?
In short: Covalent bonds are defined by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. This video explains the fundamental distinction between polar and nonpolar bonds, helping you understand how electronegativity dictates the nature of chemical connections.
At the heart of a covalent bond is the shared electron pair. Whether this bond is polar or nonpolar depends entirely on the electronegativity of the atoms involved. When atoms possess equal or nearly identical electronegativity, they share electrons equally, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond, such as those found in H–H or C–H.
Conversely, when atoms have unequal electronegativity, the electrons are shared unevenly, creating a polar covalent bond, like the H–O bond. Understanding these differences is essential for predicting how atoms interact and form the molecules that make up the world.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: Covalent bonds | AP Chemistry | Khan Academy
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