How to decompose any matrix into rotation and stretch

Singular Value Decomposition (the SVD) · 14:11 · Video: MIT OpenCourseWare · Watch at the source

In short: Discover the mechanics of Singular Value Decomposition, a fundamental process that breaks a matrix down into its core geometric components.

In this lecture from MIT's RES.18-009 course, instructors Gilbert Strang and Cleve Moler explain the SVD process. The decomposition factors a matrix into three distinct parts: an orthogonal matrix, a diagonal matrix containing the singular values, and a second orthogonal matrix. Geometrically, this represents a sequence of rotation, followed by stretching, and a final rotation.

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