The Order of Canada: A Snowflake Symbol for Those Who Desire a Better Country

Nature · Published 29 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Established in 1967, the Order of Canada is the nation's second-highest honour for merit. Its snowflake-shaped insignia represents a fellowship of individuals who have made lifelong contributions to the country. While the monarch serves as Sovereign, the order is governed by an advisory council that navigates complex public controversies.

The Order of Canada was founded to coincide with the centennial of Canadian Confederation, officially launching on 1 July 1967. Conceived by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and assisted by John Matheson, the order was designed to recognize outstanding merit or distinguished service. Its Latin motto, desiderantes meliorem patriam, translates to they desire a better country, a phrase drawn from Hebrews 11:16. The order is structured into three tiers: Companion, Officer, and Member, with the governor general serving as Chancellor and Principal Companion.

The selection process is managed by an advisory council, which evaluates hundreds of nominations annually. This council, chaired by the Chief Justice of Canada, includes various high-ranking officials and members of the order. Appointments are typically made by consensus rather than a vote. While the system aims to remain apolitical, certain inductees have sparked significant public debate. For example, the 2008 appointment of abortion-rights activist Henry Morgentaler was notably controversial, marking a rare instance where the council was not unanimous in its decision.

The insignia, designed by Bruce W. Beatty, features a white, enamelled, hexagonal snowflake. These badges remain the property of the Crown, and recipients are theoretically required to return them if they are upgraded or removed from the order. Despite this, the sale of insignia has occurred, leading to criticism from government officials. Over the decades, individuals have been removed for reasons ranging from criminal convictions to professional misconduct. As of February 2025, nine people have been formally removed from the order, reflecting the council's commitment to maintaining the fellowship's reputation.

The order has evolved significantly since its inception. Originally, it featured a Medal of Service and a Medal of Courage, but these were replaced in 1972 to fulfill Pearson's vision of a three-tiered structure. Today, the order serves as the cornerstone of the Canadian honours system, reducing reliance on British awards. It continues to recognize a diverse array of Canadians, from scientists and athletes to artists and benefactors, ensuring that the fellowship remains a reflection of the nation's broad spectrum of achievement.

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