Photon and Brain

Science · Published

Photon and Brain · 12:21 · Intellect Plus

In short: Rabbit holes from light into perception, the body and the brain. Episodes: 1. Are We Ever Seeing "Now"?; 2. Does a Photon Ever Die?; 3. Is Reality a Stream of Photons?; 4. Is the Electricity in Your Body the Same as Electricity in a Wire?; 5. Does the Brain Make the Heart Beat?; 6. Do Photons Power the Brain?

A 12:21 short film in the series “Photon and Brain”, narrated by intellect_voice_01.

Sources used in this film: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, “NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix A: Definitions of the SI Base Units”; University of Virginia Physics Department (Michael Fowler, Galileo and Einstein lecture notes), “The Speed of Light”; arXiv (ar5iv rendering); author-formatted text of a paper in the European Journal of Physics by Falchi, Furgoni, Gattillo and Francesio, “INTRODUCTION”; PubMed Central (U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH); article originally published in Vision Research (2007) by Dingcai Cao, Andrew J Zele and Joel Pokorny, “Linking impulse response functions to reaction time: Rod and cone reaction time data and a computational model”; Journal of Vision (ARVO); authors David M. Eagleman (Baylor College of Medicine) and Terrence J. Sejnowski (The Salk Institute), 2007; PDF hosted by the Salk Institute Computational Neurobiology Labo…, “Motion Signals Bias Localization Judgements: A Unified Explanation for the Flash-Lag, Flash-Drag, Flash Jump and Frohlich Illusions”; PLOS Computational Biology (Public Library of Science); Khoei, Masson & Perrinet, 2017, “The Flash-Lag Effect as a Motion-Based Predictive Shift”; Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, “Looking into the Past with Telescopes”; Smithsonian magazine (Smithsonian Institution); article by Viviana Acquaviva, July 7, 2016, “If Telescopes Are Time Machines, the JWST Will Take Us the Furthest Back Yet”; NASA Glenn Research Center, “"Seeing" the Earth, Moon, and Sun to Scale”; NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), “Facts About Earth”; NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), Space Science and Astrobiology at Ames, “Interesting Fact of the Month - NASA”; NASA Science (NASA/JPL-Caltech), “What is a light-year? - NASA Science”; NASA Science (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), NASA Science Editorial Team, “Cosmic Distances - NASA Science”; NASA Science (NASA Hubble Mission Team, Goddard Space Flight Center), “NASA's Hubble Traces Hidden History of Andromeda Galaxy - NASA Science”; MIT OpenCourseWare (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), course 22.105 Electromagnetic Interactions, Fall 2005, “d7404ad11cf6ab5f61fd08e32528469e_chap5.pdf”; Quantum Atlas, University of Maryland, “Photons”; Boston University Physics Department (PY106 course notes), “Electrons, photons, and the photo-electric effect”; Leon van Dommelen, Quantum Mechanics for Engineers (FAMU-FSU College of Engineering), “7.4 Conservation Laws in Emission”; Cornell University (ECE 407 lecture notes, Farhan Rana), “Microsoft PowerPoint - Chapter3.pptx”; Franz Muheim, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh (Nuclear and Particle Physics lecture notes), “LHC-Beauty”; Journal of Biological Chemistry (via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine), “Chemistry and Biology of Vision”; Annual Review of Physiology (Annual Reviews); author manuscript hosted by PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, “G Protein-Coupled Receptor Rhodopsin: A Prospectus”; BioEssays (journal article by Reingruber, Holcman and Fain), hosted on PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, “How rods respond to single photons: Key adaptations of a G-protein cascade that enable vision at the physical limit of perception”; SERC (Science Education Resource Center, Carleton College) / ComPADRE Pedagogic Library, “Concept Questions for the Photoelectric Effect with Interactive Simulation”; arXiv (ar5iv rendering); paper by S. B. McKagan, W. Handley, K. K. Perkins and C. E. Wieman, University of Colorado Boulder / University of British Columbia, “A Research-Based Curriculum for Teaching the Photoelectric Effect”; Nature (Springer Nature); news article by Claire Ely, originally published by Scientific American, “Big Bang light reveals minimum lifetime of photons”; arXiv (Cornell University); paper by Julian Heeck, published in Physical Review Letters, “[1304.2821] How stable is the photon?”; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Light - Photons, Wavelengths, Quanta | Britannica”; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Quantum mechanics - Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality, Einstein | Britannica”; Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Wave-particle duality | Quantum Mechanics, Electrons, Photons | Britannica”; PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), “Chemistry and Biology of the Initial Steps in Vision: The Friedenwald Lecture”; PubMed Central, US National Library of Medicine (author manuscript of a review published in Pflügers Archiv, 2021), “Transmission at rod and cone ribbon synapses in the retina”; Cleveland Clinic, “Shaping Up What You See: Understanding Rod & Cone Photoreceptors”; SAGE Publications (The Neuroscientist; article by Bevil R. Conway, 2009), “Color Vision, Cones, and Color-Coding in the Cortex - Bevil R. Conway, 2009”; Journal of Vision, via PubMed Central (U.S. National Library of Medicine), “Stronger perceptual filling-in of spatiotemporal information in the blind spot compared with artificial gaps”; PubMed Central (PMC), U.S. National Library of Medicine / National Center for Biotechnology Information; article by researchers at the California Institute of Technology, “Bayesian Causal Inference Accounts for Multisensory Filling-In at the Blind Spot”; BBC Bitesize (BBC), “How does the eye detect light? – KS2 Science curriculum - BBC Bitesize”; HyperPhysics (R Nave), Georgia State University, “Ohm's Law, Microscopic View”; BBC Bitesize (BBC), “Electric current and potential difference guide for KS3 physics students - BBC Bitesize”; Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (via PubMed Central, US National Library of Medicine); author David C. Gadsby, The Rockefeller University, “Ion channels versus ion pumps: the principal difference, in principle”; International Journal of Molecular Sciences (MDPI), via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, “Na+/K+-ATPase: More than an Electrogenic Pump”; Journal of Clinical Medicine Research (via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine), “Na+, K+-ATPase: Ubiquitous Multifunctional Transmembrane Protein and its Relevance to Various Pathophysiological Conditions”; StatPearls Publishing, hosted on the NCBI Bookshelf (U.S. National Library of Medicine), “Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography”; Journal of Visualized Experiments (Robinson, Martin, Atwood and Cooper; University of Kentucky and University of Toronto), hosted on PubMed Central by the US National Library of Medicine, “Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises”; University of Sussex Open Press (Introduction to Biological Psychology, chapter by Dr Catherine N. Hall), “Electrophysiology: electrical signalling in the body – Introduction to Biological Psychology”; The Journal of Physiology (article by Christof J Schwiening), hosted on PubMed Central, US National Library of Medicine, “A brief historical perspective: Hodgkin and Huxley”; PubMed Central (PMC), U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, “Assembly of the Cardiac Pacemaking Complex: Electrogenic Principles of Sinoatrial Node Morphogenesis”; Johns Hopkins Medicine, “Anatomy and Function of the Heart's Electrical System”; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), hosted on PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine, NIH), “Bidirectional flow of the funny current (If) during the pacemaking cycle in murine sinoatrial node myocytes”; PubMed Central (National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine), “Pacemaker Activity of the Human Sinoatrial Node: An Update on the Effects of Mutations in HCN4 on the Hyperpolarization-Activated Current”; PubMed Central (PMC), U.S. National Library of Medicine, “Autonomic and endocrine control of cardiovascular function”; Frontiers in Physiology (Frontiers Media), “Frontiers | Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans”; PubMed Central (PMC), US National Library of Medicine / National Center for Biotechnology Information, “Immediate and sustained increases in the activity of vagal preganglionic neurons during exercise and after exercise training”; PubMed Central (PMC), U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; review article on the history of the isolated heart perfusion model, “History of the development of isolated heart perfusion experimental model and its pioneering role in understanding heart physiology”; Trends in Neurosciences (Elsevier), via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, “Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function”; PLoS One (Blazey et al., Washington University School of Medicine), hosted on PubMed Central by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, “A systematic meta-analysis of oxygen-to-glucose and oxygen-to-carbohydrate ratios in the resting human brain”; Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine), “Brain Energy and Oxygen Metabolism: Emerging Role in Normal Function and Disease”; University of California San Diego, Physics 1C course lecture notes (2011), “lecture 15 notes”; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics (PHYS 214 course notes), “unit4.pdf”; BioEssays (article by Reingruber, Holcman and Fain, 2015), hosted on PubMed Central by the US National Library of Medicine, “How rods respond to single photons: Key adaptations of a G-protein cascade that enable vision at the physical limit of perception”; Journal of Biological Chemistry (American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), hosted on PubMed Central by the U.S. National Library of Medicine / NIH; authors Vadim Y. Arshavsky and Mari…, “Photoreceptor Signaling: Supporting Vision across a Wide Range of Light Intensities”; Weizmann Institute of Science (hosting a chapter of Principles of Neural Science, by Marc Tessier-Lavigne), “Principles of Neural Science”; PLOS ONE (Public Library of Science), “Regulation of rod photoreceptor function by farnesylated G-protein γ-subunits”; Smithsonian Science Education Center, “What is Photosynthesis”; Smithsonian Magazine, “How Did Plants Develop Photosynthesis?”; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), listing a paper by D Attwell and S B Laughlin in the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, “An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain.”; Journal of Neuroscience Research (review by Chamberlain and Sheng, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH), hosted on PubMed Central by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, “Mechanisms for the maintenance and regulation of axonal energy supply”; Current Opinion in Neurobiology (via PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine); authors at University of California San Diego, “Powerhouse of the Mind: Mitochondrial Plasticity at the Synapse”.

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