How a historic Nigerian political merger reshaped the nation's democratic landscape in 2013

Countries & Cities · Published 3 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Founded in 2013, the All Progressives Congress transformed Nigeria’s political landscape by becoming the first opposition party to peacefully unseat a governing party. Despite its rapid rise to power, the organization has navigated constant internal friction, legislative defections, and controversial leadership struggles while maintaining a dominant national presence.

The All Progressives Congress emerged in February 2013 as a strategic coalition of three major opposition groups alongside factions from the ruling People's Democratic Party. This consolidation aimed to challenge the existing political order, ultimately succeeding in 2015 when Muhammadu Buhari won the presidency. This victory marked a milestone in Nigerian history, representing the first peaceful transfer of power from a governing party to an opposition force.

Internal stability has remained elusive for the party throughout its existence. During Buhari’s first term, the organization faced significant legislative challenges as dozens of lawmakers defected, temporarily costing the party its federal majorities. Leadership disputes also plagued the group, notably involving National Chairman Adams Oshiomhole, whose tenure was marred by membership suspensions and court-ordered removals. These crises necessitated the creation of a caretaker committee, which managed party affairs until a 2022 convention installed new leadership.

The party’s ideological identity is complex, often blending controlled market economic policies with social democratic influences. While it claims to support national unity, critics frequently point to its campaign rhetoric and the 2023 Muslim-Muslim presidential ticket as factors that exacerbate ethnic and religious tensions. Furthermore, the party has faced persistent criticism regarding its gender policies, as its lawmakers have frequently blocked legislative efforts aimed at establishing gender equality, despite official rhetoric promising greater representation for women.

Today, the APC remains a central force in Nigerian governance, having secured a second consecutive presidential term with Bola Tinubu in 2023. Although it continues to experience fluctuations in its control over state governorships and legislative seats, the party maintains a significant plurality across the country. As it prepares for the 2027 election cycle, the APC continues to defend its role in Nigeria's multiparty democracy against accusations of seeking to establish a one-party state.

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