The Fourth Political Theory: A synthesis of Marxism, Fascism, and Liberalism

Science · Published 20 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: What happens when you strip away the 'negative' traits of the world's most dominant ideologies and fuse the remainder into a new world order? Aleksandr Dugin’s Eurasia Party seeks to create a 'timeless' political theory that rejects modern progress in favor of a radical, ethno-centric Eurasian empire.

Aleksandr Dugin established the Eurasia Party in 2002 to promote 'neo-Eurasianism.' This belief system combines Bolshevik principles, anti-modernism, Orthodox religion, and Russian nationalism. It positions Russia as the heart of a 'tellurocracy'—a land-based power—standing in direct opposition to the 'thalassocracy' of the United States and NATO. Dugin frames this as an eternal conflict between the land and the sea, where the West represents a spiritually empty, 'monstrous' civilization of liberal values.

At the core of the party's philosophy is the 'Fourth Political Theory.' Dugin claims this theory integrates and supersedes liberal democracy, Marxism, and fascism by 'neutralizing' and 'decontaminating' their negative aspects. For instance, he seeks to discard the racism of fascism while retaining its communal focus. Instead of individualism or class struggle, the primary subject of this politics is 'Dasein' (existence itself). The theory emphasizes the 'ethnos' as an organic entity—a community of language, religion, and shared resources—rather than a mere nation-state.

The party's platform is built on five principles: it is a geopolitical party of statists; a social conservative party where markets serve the national interest; a traditionalist-communist party that controls various faiths (Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism); a national party for various ethnic groups; and a regional party focused on preserving communist roots and family values. Critics frequently label the movement as neo-fascist, a charge Dugin denies, though researchers often categorize his work as a form of fascism or a 'conservative revolution.'

theme-choice perspective mood

reflective difficulty 3 topics [ geopolitics

political-theory russia ideology

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