How seismic waves map the hidden interior of our planet
In short: By analyzing how vibrations travel through the Earth, scientists can 'see' deep into its core. This video explains the distinct behaviors of P-waves and S-waves and what they reveal about our world's internal layers.
Seismic waves are categorized by their motion: P-waves (Primary) are longitudinal and move through both solids and liquids, while S-waves (Secondary) are transverse and are restricted to solids. Because of these physical properties, the way these waves reflect, refract, and disappear provides a blueprint of Earth's composition.
A key piece of evidence for Earth's structure is the existence of 'shadow zones.' The behavior of these waves allows scientists to determine that the outer core is liquid, as S-waves cannot pass through it. This distinction between solid and liquid layers is fundamental to understanding the mantle and core.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: GCSE Physics - Seismic Waves - P-waves & S-waves (2027/28 exams)
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