Can we fight a virus by using another virus against it?

Science · Published 9 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: In the race to combat COVID-19, scientists are exploring unconventional frontiers. Beyond vaccines and pills, researchers are investigating a creative technique: using gene therapy to deploy a different virus to fight the one causing the disease. It sounds like science fiction, but it is a real avenue of scientific inquiry.

While standard medical responses to COVID-19 involve rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, the scientific community is also looking toward more advanced biological interventions. One such creative technique involves gene therapy, where researchers explore the possibility of using a virus as a delivery mechanism to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This method leverages the natural ability of certain pathogens to enter cells. Such innovative biological strategies represent a significant shift in how we approach infectious diseases. This method exploits how pathogens naturally penetrate human cells.

This approach sits alongside other established medical strategies. For those at highest risk of serious illness—including individuals aged 12 or older with specific conditions like Down's syndrome, sickle cell disease, or certain types of cancer—antiviral medicines such as nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) or molnupiravir (Lagevrio) are used. These are typically administered as swallowed capsules or tablets to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of severe disease. These medications are available in tablet or capsule form. Doctors determine the most appropriate option during a formal assessment.

The complexity of COVID-19 treatment is reflected in the diverse risk profiles identified by health organizations. High-risk groups include those with weakened immune systems due to HIV or AIDS, chronic kidney disease (stages 4 or 5), or various neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. As science evolves, the toolkit for managing the virus continues to expand from basic home care and symptom management to sophisticated genetic engineering and targeted antiviral therapies. Other vulnerable populations include infants under six months and those aged 65 and above. Additionally, individuals with certain inflammatory or autoimmune conditions are considered high risk.

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