The strategic order of retirement withdrawals can save hundreds of thousands
In short: Most people assume any withdrawal from a retirement account is equal, but the sequence matters immensely. By prioritizing specific assets and delaying others, you can protect your investments from unnecessary taxes while maximizing compound growth. The goal is to keep your money working for you as long as possible.
The primary objective of a sophisticated withdrawal strategy is twofold: minimizing tax liability and maximizing the duration of investment growth. Arvin Ash suggests that incorrect withdrawal orders might lead to avoidable tax charges and hundreds of thousands of dollars in forfeited growth.
The hierarchy begins with taxable accounts. Investors should first draw from dividends and capital gains because these have already been taxed; keeping them invested provides no additional tax shield. Specifically, if a taxable account contains municipal bond income, that should be the first tap as it is completely federal tax-free. For other assets, interest and dividends are the priority.
The next layer involves Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs). Starting at age 70 and a half, the federal government mandates specific IRA withdrawals to ensure they receive their share of taxes before an individual passes away. Failing to meet these requirements results in hefty penalties. However, if you are under 70 and a half and do not need the funds, it is generally better to leave IRAs untouched to allow for tax-free growth on interest and dividends.
The final piece of the puzzle is the Roth IRA. While withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free, they should be the last assets touched because the contributions were made with after-tax dollars. Because Roth IRAs do not require RMDs even after age 70 and a half, they remain one of the most efficient vehicles for long-term growth and a valuable tool for tax-free inheritance.
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