Was the English Morris dance actually born from Spanish Moorish influences?
In short: For centuries, scholars believed the rhythmic footwork of English Morris dancing traced back to the Spanish Morisco. But as historians peel back the layers of this seasonal tradition, a different story of Flemish and French influence begins to emerge from the archives.
Morris dancing is a traditional English folk dance performed by groups known as 'sides,' typically during spring and early and early summer festivals like May Day. While the dance is often associated with a cheerful spirit, its origins have been a subject of academic debate. Early theories suggested the name 'morris' derived from the Spanish word 'Morisco,' implying Moorish origins—a theory supported by the practice of dancers blackening their faces. However, experts like Joseph Strutt and Michael Heaney have challenged this, noting that the earliest English spellings suggest strong influences from France and Flanders instead.
The tradition has documented roots reaching back to the mid-15th century, appearing in trade guild accounts and even royal courts. The dance began to flourish following the ascension of Henry VII in 1485, with the first recorded performance in his court occurring in January 1494. By the 17th century, the dance was even featured in the literary works of John Milton.
The dance's popularity faced significant threats during the Puritan era. By 1630, church-sponsored events had largely ceased, and the dance nearly vanished from parish contexts. Following the English Civil Wars (1642–51), the dance became a more rustic, localized form of entertainment. While the restoration of Charles II in 1660 provided a brief boost, the tradition eventually fragmented into distinct regional styles. It was not until the early 20th century that musician Cecil Sharp led a concerted effort to preserve and formalize the dance as a vital part of English folk heritage.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: Day of Dance | The History of Morris Dancing | Documentary | British Folklore
- Also: Morris dance | English Folk, History, Performance, & Types | Britannica
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