The global coalition that redefined 'South-South' economic power
In short: In 1964, 77 non-aligned nations formed a bloc to shift the balance of global power. Today, that group has expanded to 134 members, creating a massive negotiating force that prioritizes poverty eradication and historical accountability over the environmental mandates often pushed by wealthier nations.
Founded on June 15, 1964, at the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Group of 77 (G77) was established to enhance the collective negotiating capacity of developing countries. Under the leadership of Raúl Prebisch, the group adopted the Charter of Algiers in 1967, establishing permanent institutional structures across various international bodies, including the UN, FAO, UNESCO, and UNEP.
The G77 operates on a 'South-South' ideology, advocating for a New International Economic Order. While it has historically championed global disarmament and stood against apartheid, its modern friction with developed nations often centers on environmental policy. The group argues that wealthier countries bear the historical responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions; consequently, they frequently resist binding emission cuts that might hinder their primary goals of economic development and poverty eradication.
The membership is dynamic and reflects shifting geopolitical alignments. While it includes China—which provides financial support but does not claim formal membership—it excludes most members of the Council of Europe, the OECD (except for four Latin American nations), and the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area. Notable exits include Mexico and South Korea, both of whom left to join the OECD in 1994 and 1996 respectively.
A unique organizational nuance exists regarding Romania: because the G77 lacked a designated European region, it was classified as Latin American for administrative purposes until its EU accession. Today, the group maintains a specialized 'Group of 24' chapter to coordinate specific positions on international monetary and development finance issues.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: Group of 77
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