Explicit instruction yields greater gains in second language learning
In short: A meta-analysis of 49 studies published between 1980 and 1998 found that explicit instruction is more effective for second language learners than implicit methods. Researchers observed that focused instruction leads to significant, target-oriented improvements, with both Focus on Form and Focus on Forms approaches producing similarly large and positive effects.
This synthesis provides a broad overview of how different teaching methods impact language acquisition. By aggregating data from multiple experimental and quasi-experimental studies, the researchers were able to identify overarching trends in instructional effectiveness that single studies might miss.
The study's scope was limited by the lack of rigorous empirical operationalization and replication of central research constructs within the second language instruction field.
Why it matters: Explicit teaching methods tend to produce larger learning gains in second language contexts than implicit ones.
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Sources
- Source: Research: Norris and Ortega (2000). Effectiveness of L2 Instruction: A Research Synthesis and Quantitative Meta‐analysis. Language Learning. · cc-by-nc-nd
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