Rectal prolapse is more than just a physical protrusion; it is a complex anatomical failure.

Health · Published 3 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: When the rectum slips through the anus, it is rarely a simple accident. While often linked to aging or chronic straining, this condition involves a fundamental weakening of pelvic floor muscles. For adults, the condition does not resolve on its own, making surgical intervention the standard path to recovery.

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum, a section of the large intestine, descends and protrudes through the anus. While the condition is frequently associated with aging—most commonly affecting individuals over 50—and chronic constipation, the exact cause remains elusive. Contrary to common beliefs, childbirth is not the sole culprit; approximately one-third of women who experience this condition have never given birth. Emerging research suggests that genetic factors and connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome, may play a significant role in its development by affecting the structural integrity of pelvic tissues.

The clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from internal intussusception, where the rectum folds like a sock inside out without exiting, to full-thickness external prolapse. Patients often report fecal incontinence, mucus discharge, or the sensation of incomplete evacuation. If left untreated, the condition typically worsens over time. Chronic friction can lead to painful rectal ulcers, bleeding, and in severe cases, incarceration, where the tissue becomes trapped and loses its blood supply, risking necrosis or gangrene.

For adults, surgery is the primary treatment. The most common approach, rectopexy, involves securing the rectum to the sacrum, sometimes using mesh for reinforcement. This procedure boasts a 97% long-term success rate. For those unable to undergo abdominal surgery, perineal approaches like the Altemeier or Delorme procedures offer alternatives, though they may carry a higher risk of recurrence. While generally not a medical emergency, the condition is often debilitating, and surgical repair remains the most effective way to restore function and prevent long-term complications like permanent incontinence.

General information, not professional advice. Spotted an error? Flag the card or see corrections and complaints.

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