Is Every Tornado Visible?
In short: Wind is invisible, so a tornado can touch the ground without a visible funnel; spotters, dual-polarization radar and one reporting study show how tornadoes are confirmed and how many may go unrecorded.
A 1:26 short film in the series “Invisible Atmosphere”, narrated by intellect_voice_01.
Sources used in this film: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), “Tornado Basics”; NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), “Tornado Detection”; National Weather Service (NOAA), SKYWARN Spotter's Field Guide, “Weather Spotter's Field Guide - Tornado Life cycle”; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service: Advanced Spotters' Field Guide (NOAA PA 92055), “advspg.pdf”; National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office Norman, OK (NOAA), “An Introduction to Storm Observation and Reporting”; US National Weather Service (Milwaukee/Sullivan office), “spotter_do_dont.pdf”; NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), U.S. Department of Commerce, “Dual Polarized Radar”; NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), “Tornadoes producing damage on the ground detectible by dual-polarization radar – NSSL News”; NOAA Institutional Repository (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); study by Potvin, Broyles, Skinner, Brooks and Rasmussen, Weather and Forecasting, 2019, “NOAA Institutional Repository”; NOAA (National Severe Storms Laboratory / Storm Prediction Center), published in Weather and Forecasting by the American Meteorological Society, 2019, “noaa_25686_DS1.pdf”.
Sources used in this film
- NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) — Tornado Basics · View →
- NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) — Tornado Detection · View →
- National Weather Service (NOAA), SKYWARN Spotter's Field Guide — Weather Spotter's Field Guide - Tornado Life cycle · View →
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service: Advanced Spotters' Field Guide (NOAA PA 92055) — advspg.pdf · View →
- National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office Norman, OK (NOAA) — An Introduction to Storm Observation and Reporting · View →
- US National Weather Service (Milwaukee/Sullivan office) — spotter_do_dont.pdf · View →
- NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), U.S. Department of Commerce — Dual Polarized Radar · View →
- NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) — Tornadoes producing damage on the ground detectible by dual-polarization radar – NSSL News · View →
- NOAA Institutional Repository (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); study by Potvin, Broyles, Skinner, Brooks and Rasmussen, Weather and Forecasting, 2019 — NOAA Institutional Repository · View →
- NOAA (National Severe Storms Laboratory / Storm Prediction Center), published in Weather and Forecasting by the American Meteorological Society, 2019 — noaa_25686_DS1.pdf · View →
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL): Tornado Basics
- Also: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL): Tornado Detection
- Also: National Weather Service (NOAA, US Department of Commerce) – Spotter's Field Guide: Weather Spotter's Field Guide - Tornado Life cycle
- Also: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Weather Service: Advanced : advspg.pdf
- Also: National Weather Service, Weather Forecast Office Norman, OK (NOAA): An Introduction to Storm Observation and Reporting
- Also: US National Weather Service (Milwaukee/Sullivan office): spotter_do_dont.pdf
- Also: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), U.S. Department of Commerce: Dual Polarized Radar
- Also: NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL): Tornadoes producing damage on the ground detectible by dual-polarization radar – NSSL News
- Also: NOAA Institutional Repository (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); study by Potvin, Broyles, Skinner, Broo: NOAA Institutional Repository
- Also: NOAA (National Severe Storms Laboratory / Storm Prediction Center), published in Weather and Forecasting by the American: noaa_25686_DS1.pdf
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