How a temporary backing band became the legendary University of Salsa for six decades
In short: Founded in 1962 as a short-term project, El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico evolved into an enduring musical institution. Known as La Universidad de la Salsa, the orchestra has shaped generations of musicians, survived near-death experiences, and maintained global popularity for over sixty years through constant adaptation and rhythmic innovation.
The origins of El Gran Combo lie in the dissolution of the famous Cortijo y su Combo. In 1962, Rafael Ithier, a former member of that group, was asked by record label owner Rafael Álvarez Guedes to assemble a backing band for singer Joseíto Mateo. Initially, Ithier intended for the project to last only a few months, as he was frustrated with his previous professional experiences. However, the group quickly established its own identity, adopting a name that signaled a 'new and improved' combo. Their first album, Menéame Los Mangos, was released in 1963, and they soon became a fixture on Puerto Rican television.
The band's longevity is rooted in its ability to evolve. In 1971, they introduced the trombone to their sound, and in 1969, they hired choreographer Mike Ramos to integrate signature dance routines into their live performances. This commitment to a polished, professional stage presence helped them navigate the volatile music industry. When their contract with Gema Records ended in 1970, they took the bold step of forming their own independent label, Combo Records, allowing them to maintain creative and financial control. This independence proved vital as they toured across five continents and performed at iconic venues like Madison Square Garden and Yankee Stadium.
Beyond their technical skill, the group earned the moniker La Universidad de la Salsa because of the sheer number of legendary musicians who developed their careers within the band. From vocalists like Andy Montañez and Charlie Aponte to instrumentalists who later formed their own successful groups, the orchestra acted as a training ground for the genre's elite. Even as members retired or passed away, the band continued to perform, adapting its lineup while preserving its core sound. Today, they remain an enduring symbol of Puerto Rican culture, recognized with numerous lifetime achievement awards and a legacy that continues to influence contemporary artists.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico
- Also: Wikidata — El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico · CC0
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