How a massive Texas ranch shaped the landscape and history of Potter County

Countries & Cities · Published 15 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Potter County, Texas, is defined by more than just its urban center in Amarillo. Once dominated by the sprawling LX Ranch, the region’s geography and land ownership have evolved significantly since the 19th century, leaving behind a legacy that still influences the area’s identity and its unique political landscape today.

Established in 1876, the LX Ranch was a monumental operation that once stretched across vast swaths of the Texas Panhandle. Founded by W.H. Bates and David T. Beals, the ranch initially centered its headquarters along Ranch Creek near the Canadian River. By 1884, the enterprise had grown to encompass 187,000 acres, managing 45,000 cattle and 1,000 horses. This massive footprint eventually shifted, with headquarters moving to Bonita Creek on the river's southern bank in 1902. The land was later subdivided, with significant portions sold to figures like Lee Bivins and R.B. Masterson in the early 20th century.

Today, Potter County covers 922 square miles, with about 1.5% of that area consisting of water. While the county is home to the city of Amarillo, it maintains a distinct character within the Texas Panhandle. The region is known for its strongly conservative political leanings, having supported Republican presidential candidates in every election since 1968. Despite this, recent trends show a gradual increase in Democratic voter percentages as the population grows, making it the most Democratic-leaning county in the Panhandle as of the 2020 election.

The county's modern demographics reflect a diverse and urbanizing society. As of the 2020 census, the population reached 118,525, with nearly 89% of residents living in urban areas. The social fabric is composed of various ethnic groups, with Hispanic or Latino residents making up 38.1% of the population. Beyond its history as a ranching hub, the county now hosts significant state infrastructure, including the Clements and Neal units of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and remains a focal point for regional education through Amarillo College.

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