Why a satellite moves faster the closer it gets to Earth
In short: Understanding orbits requires balancing two opposing forces: the pull of gravity and the forward momentum of an object. This video explains the physics of orbital mechanics, specifically how distance dictates the speed necessary to stay in space.
An orbit is a state of constant motion where an object's instantaneous velocity and the force of gravity work together to maintain a stable path. While an orbiting object travels at a constant speed, it is technically in a state of constant acceleration because its direction is perpetually changing.
The relationship between orbital size and speed is governed by gravitational strength. Because gravity is stronger closer to a planet, an object with a smaller orbital radius must maintain a higher speed to avoid being pulled in. Conversely, larger orbits require lower speeds to remain stable.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: GCSE Physics - Orbits - What They Are | How Orbit Size Relates to an Object's Speed (2027/28 exams)
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