Why your new tree might accidentally strangle itself to death
In short: Planting a tree seems straightforward, but hidden structural elements like wire cages and burlap can become lethal traps. If you don't remove these materials or manage the root flare correctly, you may inadvertently trigger a slow decline that kills your tree once it reaches maturity.
The most critical factor in successful planting is the positioning of the root flare—the point where the trunk transitions into the roots. If this area is buried too deep, the tree may develop girdling roots. These new roots can form around the trunk, eventually constricting and strangling the tree as it matures. To prevent this, ensure the root flare sits level with the surrounding soil surface.
When handling 'ball and burlap' trees, common nursery practices involve using a metal wire cage for transport and burlap to prevent desiccation. However, both should be removed. Leaving a wire cage can lead to roots being constricted by the metal as they expand. Similarly, some burlap is treated with substances that do not rot, creating a permanent barrier that prevents roots from migrating into the surrounding garden soil.
The composition of the soil also plays a vital role. Nursery soil often has different clay or sand contents than your garden, causing the root ball to shrink and expand at a different rate than the native earth. This can create gaps that inhibit root growth. To ensure excellent contact, you should 'rough up' the surface of the root ball to break up any 'glazing'—a smooth, crusty layer of soil that can form on the ball.
For long-term stability, consider staking the tree at a 45-degree angle with a flexible tie, which allows the upper trunk to flex and strengthen. While a mulch layer of 5–8cm can help retain moisture, leave a 10cm gap around the base of the trunk to prevent rot. If you use a stake, keep it in place for two to three years, checking the ties annually to ensure they loosen as the trunk expands.
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: How to Plant a Tree, Part 1 | Lawn & Garden Care
- Also: How to Plant a Tree | RHS Advice
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