Why the Rosalind Franklin rover must dig two metres into the Martian surface

The ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover is designed to reach depths never before attempted on Mars. This video demonstrates the complex automated drilling process the rover will use to collect samples shielded from the planet's harsh radiation and extreme temperatures in the search for signs of life.

To investigate the Martian subsurface, the rover employs a sophisticated drill system featuring three extension rods that assemble into a two-metre drill string. This automated sequence allows the rover to extract and analyze samples while simultaneously performing infrared spectroscopy on the borehole to identify mineral compositions.

By reaching depths of up to two metres, the mission aims to access material protected from the surface's extreme environmental conditions. This effort is a central component of Europe's exploration strategy to uncover evidence of past or present life on Mars.

Source: Drilling into Mars | ExoMars Rosalind Franklin mission (episode 3)