Who Lives Longer: Elephant or Bear?
In short: Why a fair elephant-versus-bear lifespan comparison needs the same sex, setting and measure, and why the evidence so far cannot name a winner.
A 1:28 short film in the series “Nature: How Long Can It Live?”, narrated by intellect_voice_01.
Sources used in this film: PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine); article in Scientific Data, “Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species”; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Publications Warehouse; article published by the International Association for Bear Research & Management (journal Ursus), “Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear”; Scientific Data (Nature Portfolio), “Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species - Scientific Data”; PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine), hosting a peer-reviewed article on female European brown bears (Ursus arctos), “Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos)”; Academia.edu (uploaded paper; abstract of a peer-reviewed study on female brown bears in Sweden), “Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, longevity, and hunting regulations”; Springer Nature (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology), “The reproductive advantages of a long life: longevity and senescence in wild female African elephants - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology”.
Sources used in this film
- PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine); article in Scientific Data — Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species · View →
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Publications Warehouse; article published by the International Association for Bear Research & Management (journal Ursus) — Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear · View →
- Scientific Data (Nature Portfolio) — Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species - Scientific Data · View →
- PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine), hosting a peer-reviewed article on female European brown bears (Ursus arctos) — Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos) · View →
- Academia.edu (uploaded paper; abstract of a peer-reviewed study on female brown bears in Sweden) — Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, longevity, and hunting regulations · View →
- Springer Nature (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology) — The reproductive advantages of a long life: longevity and senescence in wild female African elephants - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · View →
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Sources
- Summary by Intellect · source: PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine); article in Scientific Data: Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species
- Also: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Publications Warehouse; article published by the International Association for Bear Resear: Reproductive maturation and senescence in the female brown bear
- Also: Scientific Data (Nature Portfolio): Sex-specific median life expectancies from ex situ populations for 330 animal species - Scientific Data
- Also: PubMed Central (US National Library of Medicine), hosting a peer-reviewed article on female European brown bears (Ursus : Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos)
- Also: Academia.edu (uploaded paper; abstract of a peer-reviewed study on female brown bears in Sweden): Determinants of lifetime reproduction in female brown bears: early body mass, longevity, and hunting regulations
- Also: Springer Nature (Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology): The reproductive advantages of a long life: longevity and senescence in wild female African elephants - Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
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