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36 cards.

  1. 1941: The year the global order fractured and shiftedWatch how 1941 became a pivotal turning point in World War II. This video explores the rapid acceleration of Axis momentum and the massive geopolitical shifts that redefined the 2…
  2. 1944: The year the tide of World War II turned in EuropeBy 1944, the map of Europe was being redrawn in a massive, multi-front squeeze. From the beaches of Normandy to the frozen lines of the East, the Allied powers launched a coordina…
  3. 2021: A Paradigm Shift in Our Understanding of the Human BrainFrom photosynthesis-powered brains to breakthroughs in neurodegeneration, 2021 marked a pivotal year for biological science. This summary explores the major discoveries that are f…
  4. 400 million years ago, Earth was an alien world for fishImagine a planet with no ice at the poles, rotating slower than today, and continents you wouldn't recognize. This was the Devonian period—a warm incubator where life underwent a …
  5. 500 women scientists are banding together to dismantle gender inequityA growing movement of female researchers is shifting from individual achievement to collective action. This video explores how these scientists are organizing to inspire the next …
  6. 5G is more than a faster download speed for your phoneWhile most people associate 5G with smoother streaming, the underlying technology is designed for something much larger. This video explores whether 5G is truly a revolutionary le…
  7. 71% of your daily calories come from foods that didn't exist 12,000 years agoOur ancestors lived on a diet of wild plants and hunted game. Today, the vast majority of our caloric intake is derived from modern innovations. From the first spark of fire to th…
  8. 95% of the Maya's architectural legacy remains hidden undergroundExplore the final sanctuaries of a civilization that mastered astronomy and mathematics. This documentary examines the twilight of the Maya empire through three specific stronghol…
  9. 99% of the internet travels through a hidden underwater networkWhile we often imagine data moving through the air, the vast majority of our digital lives actually travel along the ocean floor. This video explores the massive subaquatic infras…
  10. 99% of your body's mass comes from invisible binding energyIf you stripped away the particles that make up your body, you would be left with almost nothing. The vast majority of your physical existence isn't made of matter in the way we p…
  11. 0.999 repeating forever is not nearly 1, it is exactly 1Write a zero, a decimal point and nines that never stop, and you have not written a number a hair below 1. You have written 1 itself, in different clothes. Mathematicians can prov…
  12. 007’s name came from a bird guide, not a spyIan Fleming invented James Bond in 1953 as a deliberately dull blunt instrument for MI6. He lifted the name from an American ornithologist’s Birds of the West Indies. The film ser…
  13. 1.7 Billion Stars: What Gaia's Data Will Reveal About Our Galaxy?The European Space Agency's Gaia mission is set to release a monumental second data set on April 25, 2018. This release promises high-precision measurements covering nearly 1.7 bi…
  14. 121 Pacific isles form France’s only overseas countryFrench Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity and its sole overseas country, listed by the UN as non-self-governing. Across five archipelagos it counts 121 islands and atolls…
  15. 14.4K → 28.8K → 56KHow dial-up modems climbed from 14.4K to 28.8K to 56K against the limits of the telephone channel, and how early streaming audio and video were built to fit each speed.
  16. 1492 fused Granada’s fall with Columbus’s first voyageRome named the whole peninsula Hispania. After Visigothic rule and the 711 Umayyad conquest, Christian kingdoms pushed back across Al-Andalus. Isabella and Ferdinand joint reign i…
  17. 1543’s twin books often mark science’s irreversible turnEurope’s sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution swapped inherited natural philosophy for mechanistic, mathematical inquiry driven by new evidence. Many date its …
  18. 159 countries call themselves republics, but the label promises less than it soundsIn 2017, republic appeared in the official names of 159 out of 206 sovereign states. Not all of them have elected governments, and some states with elected governments do not use …
  19. 1857's sepoy rising ended Company rule and remade the RajThe Indian Rebellion of 1857–58 began as a Meerut sepoy mutiny on 10 May 1857 against East India Company sovereignty exercised for the British Crown. Contested names—Sepoy Mutiny,…
  20. 1917: The Year of Desperate Gambles and Global Upheaval in World War OneThis video chronicles the pivotal events of 1917, a year defined by Germany's high-stakes submarine warfare, the collapse of the Russian monarchy, and major military offensives ac…
  21. 1931 Yangtze floods drowned cities the size of kingdomsFrom June to August 1931, Yangtze–Huai floods smashed Chinese cities after years of drought flipped into melt and rain. Water covered about 180,000 square kilometres—an area liken…
  22. 1940s Loaf Secrets: Why Kneading Might Be Overrated for BreadVintage baking techniques suggest that achieving a moist, hearty loaf doesn't require rigorous kneading or modern fuss. A 1944 recipe reveals a surprisingly quick method, yielding…
  23. 1965: The PredictionIn 1965 Gordon Moore projected a yearly doubling of components per chip, a pace he revised to every 2 years in 1975, and the trend guided decades of computing.
  24. 1979 toppled a Shah and enthroned a jurist's republicThe Iranian or Islamic Revolution of 1979 replaced Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's Imperial State with Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamic Republic. A CIA–MI6 1953 coup had restored the Shah…
  25. 1986 was a pivotal turning point for the future of animated cinemaWhile Disney struggled to avoid bankruptcy, a new era of animation began in 1986. The founding of Pixar and the record-breaking success of Steven Spielberg's first animated produc…
  26. 2019 was a year of cinematic extremes, record-breaking blockbusters, and a widening industry abyss.While 2019 saw nine films cross the billion-dollar threshold, critics noted a deepening divide between multiplex spectacles and limited releases. It was a year defined by both unp…
  27. 2C-B, Shulgin's 1974 invention, is now tested head-to-head against MDMA and psilocybinThe chemist Alexander Shulgin created 2C-B in 1974 and ranked it among his favourite compounds. A decade later it was sold as a substitute for ecstasy, and by the mid-1990s the Un…
  28. 495 possible pairings decided who met whom in the 2026 round of 32Adding a round of 32 gave the 2026 World Cup a knockout puzzle: which third-placed sides went through determined their opponents, and the regulations listed 495 possible combinati…
  29. 5G and edge computing provide the backbone for seamless mobile augmented realityResearchers reviewing the landscape of mobile augmented reality (MAR) found that the technology's growth depends on a synergy between 5G networks and Multi-access Edge Computing (…
  30. 7 Up began life as a lemon soda that claimed to contain lithiumFor its first years, the soft drink now called 7 Up was sold as a lithiated lemon soda, advertising lithium citrate, a mood-stabilising drug, among its contents. It launched in 19…
  31. Æthelstan, grandson of Alfred, became the first king of all EnglandIn 927 Æthelstan captured York, the last Viking kingdom, and became the first Anglo-Saxon to rule all of England. Ten years later he crushed a joint Scottish and Viking invasion a…
  32. Æthelstan’s Englaland lasted until the 1707 British mergerEngland as a single kingdom runs from Æthelstan’s 927 gathering of Anglo-Saxon realms to 1 May 1707, when union with Scotland created Great Britain. Alfred’s capture of London in …
  33. Đại Việt was Vietnam’s official royal name for centuriesFrom the tenth century into the early nineteenth, Vietnamese monarchies centered near modern Hanoi styled themselves Đại Việt—Great Việt. Đinh Bộ Lĩnh adopted the related name Đại…
  34. Łódź rose on textiles then reinvented its empty millsŁódź, about 120 km southwest of Warsaw, had 639,890 residents in 2025, making it Poland's fourth-largest city. A sleepy bishops' village for centuries, it exploded into a textile …
  35. Ørsted's compass discovery was no lecture-hall accidentA popular story says Hans Christian Ørsted stumbled on electromagnetism mid-lecture when a wire twitched a compass. In fact he had been hunting for a link between electricity and …
  36. π is fixed by a circle; some constants are just famousA mathematical constant is a number locked by a clear definition and often nicknamed with a letter or a mathematician’s surname. Some, like π, fall out of geometry itself. Others …