Why Norway's second-largest city is famously known as the city of seven mountains.

Countries & Cities · Published 29 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Bergen is a historic Norwegian coastal city defined by its dramatic geography and maritime legacy. Once the nation's capital, it remains a vital hub for shipping and aquaculture. Despite its northern latitude, the city enjoys a surprisingly mild climate, though its frequent rainfall is legendary among both locals and visitors.

Founded in 1070 by King Olav Kyrre, Bergen was originally named Bjørgvin, meaning the green meadow among the mountains. It served as the capital of Norway during the 13th century, a period when it hosted royal coronations. By the late 13th century, the city became a key bureau for the Hanseatic League, establishing a monopoly on the trade of dried cod that lasted until 1789. This rich history is preserved at Bryggen, a UNESCO World Heritage site featuring the remains of the old Hanseatic quays.

The city's geography is as defining as its history. Surrounded by mountains, Bergen is famously called the city of seven mountains, though locals often debate exactly which peaks should be included in that count. This mountainous terrain provides shelter from cold winds, while the Gulf Stream keeps the region significantly warmer than other areas at 60 degrees North. However, this maritime influence also brings heavy precipitation, with the city experiencing around 200 days of rain annually, making it one of the wettest urban centers in Europe.

Modern Bergen is a diverse municipality of nearly 300,000 people, functioning as an international center for the offshore petroleum industry and subsea technology. The city has evolved through rapid expansion and multiple municipal mergers, most notably in 1972 when it absorbed four surrounding areas. Today, it serves as the administrative heart of Vestland county. While it has faced numerous devastating fires throughout the centuries—including a 1702 blaze that destroyed 90 percent of the city—it has consistently rebuilt, balancing its medieval roots with modern infrastructure like the Bergen Light Rail and a bustling international port.

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