Spacewalks are critical maintenance tasks for the International Space Station

Space · Published 9 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Beyond the cinematic drama of space exploration lies the grueling reality of orbital maintenance. From deploying nanosatellites to repairing science hardware, astronauts perform high-stakes extravehicular activities to keep the station functioning. These missions are essential for supporting long-term human presence in microgravity and preparing for future journeys to Mars.

On August 18, Russian Federal Space Agency flight engineers Alexander Skvortsov and Oleg Artemyev performed a spacewalk lasting 5 hours and 11 minutes. This mission, which focused on the Russian segment of the International Space Station, involved deploying a nanosatellite and working on various science experiments and hardware. This event marked the 181st spacewalk conducted to support the assembly and maintenance of the station.

Preparing for such tasks requires rigorous training and health monitoring. For example, astronauts use 3D interactive animation software to practice spacewalk procedures. Because microgravity causes bodily shifts—such as fluids rising toward the head and increasing pressure on the eye—crew members undergo advanced eye exams. These include using the Nevada Screening Vision System, a virtual reality head-mounted display that tests visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

The physical toll of weightlessness also necessitates specialized exercise. Using the Columbus laboratory module's European Enhanced Exploration Exercise Device (E4D), astronauts such as Jack Hathaway evaluated advanced fitness techniques. This device allows for both cycling and resistance training, including squats and bench presses, to combat the muscle and bone loss that occurs when movement requires much less effort than on Earth.

These ongoing efforts in orbit are vital for the long-term success of missions to the Moon and Mars. By studying the effects of microgravity on the human body through research and maintenance, international partners like NASA, ESA, and Roscosmos aim to build the capability and confidence required for deep-space exploration.

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