Intellect PlusCards starting with I
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In 1978 Americans got through more than 2 billion Valium tabletsValium was America's best-selling medicine for fifteen years, from 1968 to 1982, and in 1978 alone more than 2 billion tablets were sold. The same drug, diazepam, still calms seiz…
In 1980 East Germany, a physician faces an impossible choice between freedom and duty.Christian Petzold’s 2012 drama Barbara follows a doctor exiled to a rural hospital under Stasi surveillance. As she orchestrates a daring escape to Denmark, a sudden medical emerg…
In 1982 arcade quarters out-earned pop music and Hollywood combinedAt the peak of the arcade craze, Americans fed $8 billion in coins into video game cabinets in a single year, more than pop music and Hollywood films earned put together. Then cam…
In 1983 Martina Navratilova lost exactly one singles match all seasonMartina Navratilova's 1983 record reads 86 wins and one loss, the best winning percentage of any professional since 1968. Her only defeat came in the fourth round of the French Op…
In 1984, Ronald Reagan secured a historic landslide victory, winning 49 of 50 states.President Ronald Reagan’s 1984 reelection campaign culminated in a decisive victory, capturing 525 out of 538 electoral votes. While the incumbent Republican dominated the nationa…
In 1985, Philadelphia police dropped a bomb on a residential street to end a standoff.After years of escalating tension with the Black liberation group MOVE, Philadelphia officials authorized an aerial bombing of a fortified row house. The resulting fire, which aut…
In 1986 a quiet lake in Cameroon exhaled a deadly cloud of gas.Lake Nyos looked peaceful, but its deep water was loaded with dissolved carbon dioxide, like a sealed bottle of fizzy drink. One August night it overturned and released a vast inv…
In 1986 barely one percent of stored information was digitalWithin about two decades, the world flipped from storing its information mostly on paper, film and tape to storing almost all of it digitally. Around one percent of global storage…
In 1987, New Brunswick voters executed the rarest political wipeout in Canadian historyOn October 13, 1987, the Liberal Party of New Brunswick achieved a feat nearly unheard of in Canadian democracy: they secured every single seat in the provincial legislature. This…
In 1988, a student's experiment accidentally crippled the early Internet, changing cybersecurity forever.Robert Tappan Morris intended to measure the size of the Internet with a self-replicating program. Instead, a coding error caused his worm to aggressively infect systems, slowing …
In 1989 Japan had 32 of the world's 50 biggest firmsAt the end of the 1980s, 32 of the world's 50 most valuable companies were Japanese. By 2018 only Toyota remained on that list. Between those dates lay a bubble, a crash and three…
In 1991 India flew its gold to London to avoid defaultingBy mid-1991 India had enough foreign currency for roughly three weeks of essential imports. So the government quietly loaded tonnes of gold onto chartered planes bound for London …
In 1991, the music industry underwent a seismic shift in how success was measured.Before 1991, Billboard relied on phone calls to record stores to track music sales, a method prone to human error and fraud. The introduction of Nielsen SoundScan that year replac…
In 1992, Arkansas gave Bill Clinton his most decisive home-state victory in decadesWhen Bill Clinton won his home state of Arkansas in 1992, he achieved a rare political feat. Not only did he secure an absolute majority of the popular vote, but he also set a rec…
In 1994, a mysterious white jelly rained down on a small Washington town.In August 1994, the residents of Oakville, Washington, experienced a bizarre weather event where a gelatinous substance fell from the sky. This strange phenomenon caused illness i…
In 1996, Palestinians held their first democratic election to establish a governing authorityThe 1996 Palestinian general election marked a historic moment of optimism, as voters headed to the polls to choose leadership for the newly autonomous territories. While the proc…
In 1997, Rudy Giuliani became the first Republican to win re-election in New YorkThe 1997 New York City mayoral race saw incumbent Rudy Giuliani secure a second term, marking a historic milestone not seen since 1941. Despite a contentious Democratic primary an…
In 1998 astronomers found the universe's expansion is speeding up, not slowing.Everyone expected gravity to be gradually slowing the expansion of the universe. Two rival teams set out to measure how much, using exploding stars as distance markers. Both found…
In 1998, Scooby-Doo finally faced real monsters instead of men in rubber masks.For decades, Mystery, Inc. solved crimes by unmasking villains in costumes. That changed with the 1998 film Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island. By introducing genuine supernatural threat…
In 2000, AltaVista had more than twice Google's share of web searchersAltaVista launched in December 1995 as the first full-text searchable index of the web, and by 1997 it was handling over 80 million hits a day. As late as 2000 it served 17.7 perc…
In 2001 Italy, a young man attempts to reform a criminal organization from withinGiorno Giovanna, the son of a legendary villain, joins the Italian mafia Passione with a singular, ambitious goal: to become a Gang-Star and end the sale of drugs to children. His…
In 2002, the U.S. Army launched a video game to recruit and train soldiers.America's Army was the first large-scale government use of game technology for strategic communication. By blending realistic combat simulations with virtual training, the U.S. Ar…
In 2004 every Billboard number one came from African-American artistsContemporary R&B grew out of 1970s soul, softened disco's pulse, borrowed hip-hop's beats and became, for a stretch of the early 2000s, simply what pop music was. Its defining tra…
In 2005, the portable gaming revolution saved the industry from a console slumpWhile traditional console sales faltered due to hardware shortages and anticipation for next-generation machines, the portable market surged. Driven by the arrival of the Nintendo…
In 2007, the world voted for seven new wonders, but not everyone was cheering.A Swiss foundation launched a global campaign in 2000 to update the ancient list of wonders. Over 100 million votes were cast, resulting in a diverse selection of architectural ma…- In 2008, Pennsylvania's presidential election revealed a shifting political landscape across the state's diverse regions.While Barack Obama secured a decisive victory in Pennsylvania, the 2008 election exposed deep regional divides. Urban centers and eastern counties surged for the Democratic ticket…
In 2009 hackers from 4chan rigged Time's influence poll to spell a jokeWhen Time let readers vote in 2009, the winner was Christopher Poole, founder of the message board 4chan, with more than 16.7 million votes. Organised pranksters had gamed the tal…
In 2010, India achieved its most dominant performance at the Asian Games in GuangzhouBetween November 12 and 27, 2010, India sent a massive contingent to Guangzhou, China, for the Asian Games. Led by shooter Gagan Narang, the nation secured 65 medals, including 14…
In 2012 Pizza Hut bought about 14,000 pounds of kale purely as decorationFor most of the twentieth century Americans treated kale as garnish, and a pizza chain once bought roughly seven tonnes just to dress its salad bars. Only from the 1990s did it be…
In 2013, Falkland Islanders voted nearly unanimously to remain a British Overseas Territory.Facing persistent sovereignty claims from Argentina, the Falkland Islands government held a referendum to clarify their political future. With a 92% turnout, the result was a land…
In 2013, Germany’s liberal party was wiped out of parliament for the first time ever.The 2013 German federal election saw Angela Merkel’s CDU/CSU alliance achieve its strongest result since 1990, yet fall just five seats short of an absolute majority. Meanwhile, t…
In 2014, humanity achieved the first-ever landing on a comet's surface.The Rosetta mission marked a milestone in space exploration by successfully landing the Philae probe on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This video revisits the highlights of a de…
In 2014, NASA advanced space exploration, Earth monitoring, and the future of aviation technology.This video highlights NASA's major achievements in 2014. It covers the agency's progress on the journey to Mars, new scientific discoveries, efforts to monitor our changing planet…
In 2015, Austin Rivers became the first NBA player to play for his father.The son of legendary coach Doc Rivers, Austin Rivers navigated an eleven-season professional basketball career that spanned multiple franchises. Beyond his high-profile family con…
In 2015, over 1.3 million people sought asylum in Europe, the highest since 1945.The 2015 European migrant crisis saw a massive influx of people fleeing war and persecution, primarily from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq. As borders tightened and political tensio…
In 2016, a Missouri Senate race turned a long-term incumbent into an underdogRoy Blunt, a seasoned Republican senator, expected a comfortable path to reelection in 2016. Instead, he faced a fierce challenge from Jason Kander, a younger Democrat who weaponi…
In 2016, West Bengal saw an unlikely political alliance and a decisive electoral victoryThe 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election defied historical norms when bitter rivals, the Congress and the Left Front, formed a seat-sharing agreement. Despite this unpre…
In 2017 a visitor from another star system raced through ours.ʻOumuamua was the first object ever confirmed to come from beyond the Solar System. It was spotted in October 2017, already on its way out. It was oddly elongated, had no comet ta…
In 2018, China achieved a rare double victory at the Batumi Chess OlympiadThe 43rd Chess Olympiad in Georgia set records for participation, drawing 185 teams to the coastal city of Batumi. Amidst intense competition and strict anti-cheating protocols, C…
In 2018, Ohio voters split their tickets in a rare political realignment for the state.The 2018 Ohio gubernatorial election saw Mike DeWine defeat Richard Cordray, marking a significant shift in the state's political landscape. While DeWine secured the governorship,…
In 2018, the global box office landscape shifted as China overtook North America's dominance.While blockbuster franchises like the Marvel Cinematic Universe shattered financial records, 2018 marked a pivotal moment in cinema history. For the first time, China surpassed No…
In 2019, the World Series defied history when the road team won every game.For the first time in any major North American sports league, a seven-game championship series saw the visiting team win every single contest. The Washington Nationals overcame he…
In 2020, Earth’s rising temperature manifested through record-breaking heat, wildfires, and extreme weather events.The year 2020 was a stark demonstration of climate change in action. As global temperatures reached record highs, the planet responded with intense wildfires, unprecedented hurric…
In 2020, the global film industry shifted its center of gravity toward East AsiaThe COVID-19 pandemic paralyzed Western cinemas, leading to the first year since 2007 without a billion-dollar blockbuster. As North American box office revenue hit a forty-year l…
In 2021 gastroenteritis caused 4.67 billion cases worldwideAlso called infectious diarrhea, gastroenteritis inflames stomach and intestine with diarrhea, vomiting, and pain. Viruses usually drive it—rotavirus in children, norovirus in adu…
In 2022 humans nudged an asteroid, and beat the target by a mileOn 26 September 2022 NASA deliberately crashed a spacecraft into a small asteroid to see whether it could shift its path. Mission planners would have counted a change of 73 second…
In 2022, Pennsylvania Democrats won a majority of House seats despite losing the popular vote.Pennsylvania's 2022 congressional elections defied conventional expectations. While the state's popular vote favored one party, the seat distribution told a different story. This …
In 2022, SpaceX outperformed the entire Chinese space program in mass to orbit.Scott Manley reviews the final rocket launches of 2022, highlighting how SpaceX dominated the year's orbital performance metrics. This update provides context on the competitive l…
In 2023 America's national science academies formally dropped race from geneticsAmerica's national science, engineering and medical academies officially renounced using race in genetics research in 2023. It capped a long shift in which scientists came to rega…
In 2025 lasers let people see a colour nobody had seen beforeNo light in nature can stimulate just one kind of green-sensing cone in your eye. In April 2025 researchers did it anyway, steering a laser onto individual cells. Volunteers saw a…- In 2025, Global Box Office Records Were Shattered by Non-Hollywood Productions and Animated FranchisesThe landscape of cinema shifted dramatically in 2025 as international films challenged traditional Hollywood dominance. From the unprecedented success of Chinese animation to the …
In 2048, crime has surged 400 percent, forcing police to partner with lifelike androids.Set in New Pittsburg, the science fiction drama Almost Human explores a fractured partnership between a cynical detective and a decommissioned android. After a tragic ambush leave…
In 208 AD, Rome sent 40,000 soldiers to crush resistance in northern Britain.This video examines the military campaign of Emperor Septimius Severus, who led one of Rome's largest invasion forces into Scotland to suppress northern tribes and secure the empi…- In 2080 Tokyo, your squad's trust determines whether you survive the robot uprising.Binary Domain is a third-person shooter that forces players to navigate a flooded future where robots have replaced the human workforce. Beyond the combat, the game introduces a u…
In 217 BC, a brutal stalemate near Piacenza briefly halted Hannibal's relentless Italian campaign.Following his crushing victory at the Trebbia, Hannibal sought to dismantle Roman supply lines in the Po Valley. Yet, near the colony of Placentia, the consul Tiberius Sempronius …
In 260, a Roman Emperor was captured by the Sasanian Empire for the first time.The Battle of Edessa remains a singular humiliation in Roman history. When Emperor Valerian marched against the Sasanian forces of Shapur I, he expected a victory. Instead, he bec…
In 357, Julian the Apostate faced a massive Germanic force at the Battle of Strasbourg.Outnumbered and abandoned by his reinforcements, the young Roman Caesar Julian faced a critical choice: retreat or engage the Alamanni confederation in a high-stakes pitched battl…
In 36 BC, a rogue Chinese commander launched an unauthorized invasion to kill a chieftain.The Battle of Zhizhi remains one of the most audacious military operations in ancient history. Driven by a deputy commander who forged an imperial edict, a massive army marched de…
In 393 BC, a forgotten clash at Abacaenum reshaped the power struggle for Sicily.After a failed siege of Tauromenium, the Carthaginian commander Mago marched toward Messana, only to be intercepted by the Syracusan tyrant Dionysius. The resulting battle near Ab…
In 397 BC, a clever naval maneuver allowed Carthage to capture the city of Messene.When the Greek army of Messene marched out to confront a massive Carthaginian force, they left their city undefended. Himilco, the Carthaginian commander, ignored the approaching …