Arundel Castle: a medieval fortress rebuilt through centuries of royal influence
In short: From a 11th-century motte-and-bailey stronghold to a cinematic stand-in for Windsor Castle, Arundel Castle has survived sieges, civil wars, and even narrow escapes for kings. This West Sussex landmark has been transformed by generations of the Howard family, evolving from a strategic military site into a grand, restored estate.
The castle's history began around 1067 when Roger de Montgomery, a cousin of William the Conqueror, established the original structure. As the first Earl of Arundel, Montgomery was rewarded for his loyalty with extensive lands, including one fifth of Sussex. The site has since served as the seat for the Earls of Arundel and the Dukes of Norfolk, surviving significant upheaval, including a siege by Henry I's forces between 1101 and 1102.
During the First English Civil War in 1643, the castle faced a siege where 800 royalists surrendered after 18 days. Following this, Parliament ordered the castle to be slighted in 1653, though much damage was likely caused by weather. Despite these setbacks, the estate remained in the Howard family for centuries. While it was not always their preferred residence, the Dukes of Norfolk invested heavily in its restoration, notably the 11th Duke, who began major improvements in 1787.
The 19th century brought further grandeur, particularly in 1846 when Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visited for three days, prompting the 13th Duke of Norfolk to remodel the castle. Later, from 1875 to 1905, the 15th Duke undertook extensive re-structuring using designs by Charles Alban Buckler. Today, the estate is managed by an independent charitable trust, following the 17th Duke's decision to cancel a planned transfer to the National Trust after his death in 1975.
The castle's legacy continues through its diverse uses, from hosting international cricket matches since 1895 to serving as a filming location for productions like Wonder Woman and Doctor Who. Its gardens, such as the Collector's Earl Garden opened in 2008 by the Prince of Wales, reflect a continuous commitment to embellishment and horticultural excellence.
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- Summary by Intellect · source: Arundel Castle
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