Wikidata is the massive, collaborative knowledge graph powering the world's largest online encyclopedia.

Nature · Published 30 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Launched in 2012, Wikidata acts as a central repository for structured data, feeding information into Wikipedia and beyond. With over 1.6 billion statements, this multilingual knowledge graph uses unique identifiers to map concepts, from gorillas to historical events, breaking down data silos to make information universally accessible and machine-readable.

Wikidata functions as a document-oriented database where every concept, object, or topic is assigned a unique persistent identifier known as a QID. These identifiers allow the platform to provide information in multiple languages without bias. Information is recorded through statements—key-value pairs that link properties, such as occupation or birth date, to specific entity values. This structure enables complex data modeling, where qualifiers can refine statements with context like time or source references, and constraints help maintain data integrity.

The project was established to centralize interlanguage links and infobox data across Wikipedia editions. Since its launch on 29 October 2012, it has evolved significantly. By 2015, the platform introduced arbitrary access, allowing Wikipedia articles to pull data from Wikidata items not directly linked to them. Today, the platform supports lexicographical entries for linguistics and entity schemas that use Shape Expression (ShEx) to validate data quality and prevent vandalism.

Beyond simple storage, Wikidata has become a vital tool for researchers and AI systems. The Wikidata Query Service, launched in 2015, allows users to run complex queries using SPARQL, while the 2021 Query Builder offers a more accessible, form-based interface. Most recently, the 2025 Wikidata Embedding Project introduced vector-based semantic search, further integrating the platform with AI technologies. With data used in over half of all English Wikipedia articles, Wikidata remains a cornerstone of the open data movement.

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