A vital Thai forest sanctuary faces a critical test of survival and conservation

Countries & Cities · Published 29 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Spanning 230 kilometers, the Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex is a biodiversity powerhouse home to over 800 species. While it serves as a critical refuge for endangered wildlife, including the rare Indochinese tiger, the site remains under intense pressure from illegal logging and infrastructure projects that threaten its protected status.

Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005, this complex encompasses five distinct protected areas across the Dong Phaya Yen Mountains and the Sankamphaeng Range. It serves as a vital ecosystem for 112 mammal species, 392 bird species, and 200 types of reptiles and amphibians. The site is globally significant for conservation, providing a viable habitat for 19 vulnerable, four endangered, and one critically endangered species. Notably, in March 2017, researchers confirmed the presence of the world's second known breeding population of Indochinese tigers within the reserve, highlighting its ecological importance.

Despite its status, the complex has faced significant threats. Illegal logging of Siamese rosewood and proposed road expansions have historically jeopardized the integrity of the reserve. These activities led the World Heritage Committee to issue warnings regarding a potential move to the 'World Heritage in Danger List'. The committee has closely monitored Thailand's management of these risks, emphasizing the need for robust protection against encroachment and habitat fragmentation.

During its 41st session in July 2017, the World Heritage Committee acknowledged Thailand's progress in curbing the illegal timber trade. However, the committee expressed ongoing concerns regarding infrastructure projects that could negatively impact the forest's ecosystems. While the site avoided being downgraded at that time, the committee maintained its oversight, planning to reexamine the state's conservation efforts during its 44th session in 2020. The future of this complex remains a delicate balance between national development goals and the urgent necessity of preserving one of Southeast Asia's most important tropical forest habitats.

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