How a landscape of fire and ash became a sanctuary for Hawaiian tradition

Countries & Cities · Published 29 September 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park is more than a geological marvel. It is a sacred space where the Kanaka Maoli people honor the goddess Pele and practice sustainable living. From the massive shield of Mauna Loa to the volatile craters of Kīlauea, this park preserves both raw volcanic power and indigenous heritage.

Established in 1916, this park protects two of the planet's most restless volcanoes. Kīlauea, known for its frequent eruptions, and Mauna Loa, the world's largest shield volcano, define the park's dramatic terrain. The landscape is a study in contrasts, shifting from lush tropical rainforests to the barren, arid stretches of the Kaʻū Desert. Since its inception, the park has served as a vital site for scientific research, offering unparalleled access to the mechanisms of volcanism and the ongoing development of the Hawaiian Islands.

The park's history is deeply intertwined with the Kanaka Maoli, who view volcanic activity as a sacred process of Earth's rebirth. This cultural connection is actively preserved today through the work of interpretive rangers who teach traditional practices, such as crafting poi, carving wooden statues known as kiʻi, and creating tools like the kākoʻi. In 2005, the park further honored this heritage by replacing a controversial painting of the goddess Pele with a culturally authentic depiction by artist Arthur Johnsen, which features the deity with distinct Polynesian characteristics.

The park has faced significant challenges from its own volatile geology. In 2018, explosive eruptions and toxic ash clouds forced a temporary closure, causing severe damage to infrastructure, including the eventual demolition of the Jaggar Museum in 2024. Despite these disruptions, the park continues to expand its mission. Recent acquisitions, such as the 16,451-acre Pōhue Bay in 2022, have protected critical habitats for endangered species like the Hawaiian hawksbill turtle and preserved significant archaeological sites, including ancient coastal trails and petroglyphs, ensuring that the park remains a living monument to both nature and culture.

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