Cards starting with I

5,618 cards. Page 34 of 94.

1981. Investigating the June 28 Falcon 9 and Dragon spacecraft mishapDiscover the details behind the investigation into SpaceX's recent launch failure and what it means for the International Space Station's supply chain.
1982. Investigating the ongoing water crisis in Flint, MichiganIn this report, plumbing expert Richard Trethewey visits Flint to examine the reality of a city where residents are left without access to clean tap water.
1983. Investigative journalism is the high-stakes pursuit of truth that powerful figures want kept hidden.Reporters who practice investigative journalism dedicate months or years to uncovering corruption, abuse, and systemic wrongdoing. Often operating against the wishes of those they…
1984. Investment banks are the financial architects that connect capital to its most productive uses.Investment banks act as the essential bridge between companies needing capital and investors seeking returns. By managing stock and bond issuances, advising on mergers, and facili…
1985. Invisible Atmosphere: Part 1Make the mechanics of the atmosphere visible. Episodes: 1. What Is Wind?; 2. Derechos: The Wind That Goes Straight Ahead; 3. Why Does Wind Get Faster?; 4. Why Is Some Wind Hot and…
1986. Invisible Atmosphere: Part 2Make the mechanics of the atmosphere visible. Episodes: 1. Why Is the Eye of a Hurricane Calm?; 2. Can Two Hurricanes Collide?; 3. How Does a Tornado Form?; 4. Katabatic Winds: Wh…
1987. Io’s swim names a sea that holds the Mediterranean’s deepest pointThe Ionian Sea is an elongated Mediterranean bay between southern Italy—including Sicily and Salento—and the coasts of southern Albania and western Greece. All major eastern islan…
1988. Ioannina: The Greek Fortress City That Became a Beacon of EnlightenmentPerched on the shores of Lake Pamvotis, Ioannina evolved from a Byzantine stronghold into a thriving intellectual hub. Despite centuries of political turmoil and Ottoman rule, thi…
1989. Iodoform is a pungent yellow crystal that once defined the scent of modern medicine.Before modern antiseptics took over, the distinct, hospital-like smell of iodoform was a ubiquitous sign of medical care. This bright yellow, dense compound remains a curious reli…
1990. Ion Antonescu, the Romanian marshal whose wartime regime joined the HolocaustRomania was Hitler's ally, never occupied by German troops, so what happened to its Jews was largely decided in Bucharest. Under Marshal Ion Antonescu, policies of deportation and…
1991. Ion Barbu: The Romanian Mathematician Who Sought Transcendental Truth Through Both Poetry and GeometryIon Barbu was a dual-identity genius who navigated the rigorous world of abstract metrics and the lyrical landscape of modern poetry. Known as Dan Barbilian in his academic life, …
1992. Ion Dragoumis: The diplomat who imagined a Greek-Ottoman empire and met a tragic endA central figure in early 20th-century Greek nationalism, Ion Dragoumis was a diplomat, writer, and political theorist who defied conventional labels. From his instrumental role i…
1993. Ion Ghica: The Mathematician Who Shaped Modern Romania Through Revolution and DiplomacyIon Ghica was far more than a statesman. Trained in mathematics and engineering in Paris, he became Romania’s first great economist, a pirate-fighting governor, and a five-time pr…
1994. Ion Heliade Rădulescu: The Romantic polymath who shaped the modern Romanian identityA central figure in 19th-century Romania, Ion Heliade Rădulescu was a poet, politician, and linguist who championed the national language against the dominance of Greek. From foun…
1995. Ion Iliescu: The revolutionary leader who defined Romania's transition from communism to democracy.Ion Iliescu served as Romania's first freely elected president, steering the country from the collapse of the Ceaușescu regime toward NATO and EU membership. Yet, his legacy remai…
1996. Ion Luca Caragiale: The Romanian master of satire who hid his own theatrical past.Ion Luca Caragiale remains a titan of Romanian literature, celebrated for his sharp comedies and biting political commentary. Yet, this self-made intellectual spent his life obscu…
1997. Ion thrusters are too weak to launch a rocket, but they can cross the galaxy.Ion engines produce force equivalent to holding a single sheet of paper, making them useless for liftoff. Yet, by accelerating xenon ions to extreme speeds, they offer hyper-effic…
1998. Ionia was never a unified state, yet it birthed the foundations of Western scientific thought.Nestled on the western coast of Anatolia, Ionia was a collection of independent cities rather than a single nation. Despite this lack of political unity, the region became a power…
1999. Ionic bonds are not just chemical connections; they are the result of pure electrostatics.This video explains how ionic bonds form through the permanent transfer of valence electrons between atoms. By understanding the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charge…
2000. Iowa's 2026 congressional elections reshape the state's political landscape after high-profile departures and shifts.On November 3, 2026, Iowa voters will decide the future of the state's four U.S. House seats. With incumbents retiring to pursue higher office and others facing intense competitio…
2001. Iowa's 2026 General Election Features Open Seats for Governor and the U.S. SenateOn November 3, 2026, Iowa voters will decide the future of the state's executive offices, all four U.S. House seats, and a critical U.S. Senate vacancy. With both the governor and…
2002. Iowa's 2026 Senate race marks a rare political shift in an increasingly red stateAs incumbent Senator Joni Ernst steps down, Iowa faces its first open Senate election held concurrently with an open gubernatorial race since 1968. With the state trending reliabl…
2003. iPhone LiDAR sensors offer a cost-effective way to map small geological featuresResearchers testing the LiDAR sensors in the iPhone 12 Pro and iPad Pro found they can create highly accurate 3D models of landscapes. By testing the technology on a coastal cliff…
2004. IQ classification is a statistical convenience, not a definitive measure of human capability.IQ scores are descriptive labels, not permanent markers of intelligence. Because classification systems vary by test publisher and rely on arbitrary boundaries, they do not corres…
2005. Iqbal’s Persian verse remade a political imaginationSir Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) wrote Urdu poems ranked among the twentieth century's finest—yet chose Persian to think aloud. His 1930 Allahabad Address sketched a northwest Musli…
2006. Irakli Charkviani: The Georgian King of Alternative Music and Rebellious Literary ExpressionBorn into a prominent Soviet-era family, Irakli Charkviani rejected his elite background to become a revolutionary force in Georgian art. Known as Mepe, or The King, he bridged th…
2007. Iran maintains the largest ballistic missile arsenal in the Middle East for strategic deterrence.Born from the necessity of the 1980s conflict with Iraq, Iran’s ballistic missile program has evolved into a cornerstone of its national defense. By prioritizing indigenous produc…
2008. Iran sits on a tenth of the world's proven oil reservesIran holds about 10% of the planet's proven oil and 15% of its gas, enough for commentators to call it an energy superpower. Yet since 1979 its economy has lurched through slow gr…
2009. Iran's 1905–1911 uprising beat the Young Turks to a constitutionThe Persian Constitutional Revolution from 1905 to 1911 under the late Qajar dynasty produced Iran's first constitution—the earliest such upheaval in the Islamic world, preceding …
2010. Iran's geography is defined by a ring of massive mountainsMost of Iran sits above 1,500 feet, enclosed by a formidable ring of eroded mountain ranges. This rugged topography creates a land of sharp contrasts: from 10,000-foot summits plu…
2011. Iran's last shah was crowned prince at six and exiled at 59The day before his father's coronation in April 1926, six-year-old Mohammad Reza was proclaimed heir to the brand-new Pahlavi dynasty. He would inherit the throne in wartime, reig…
2012. Iran's melting-pot capital that absorbed ancient RhagesTehran, Iran's capital of roughly nine million, anchors a metro area of 16.8 million, the Middle East's largest. Classical Rhages, once far grander, stood on part of the same grou…
2013. Iran's most celebrated filmmaker once paid for art school by directing trafficAbbas Kiarostami funded his fine-arts studies in Tehran by working as a traffic policeman, then shot around 150 television adverts. His quiet films about children, villages and lo…
2014. Iran's Saeqeh: A stealthy evolution of American aviation heritageHow does a nation modernize its air force while under heavy sanctions? Iran took the American Northrop F-5 and performed a surgical transformation. By tweaking stabilizers and int…
2015. Iran's smallest province is a high-density transit hub nestled against the Alborz mountainsAlborz province is the smallest of Iran's 31 provinces, yet it serves as a vital artery for the nation. Established in 2010 by separating three counties from Tehran Province, this…
2016. Iran’s great salt lake shrank to a tenth of its former selfLake Urmia in Iranian Azerbaijan was once West Asia’s largest lake and the world’s sixth-largest saltwater body. By late 2017 drought, river dams, and groundwater pumping had cut …
2017. Iran’s modern map is a recent evolution from a complex, centuries-old feudal administrative structure.Today, Iran is divided into thirty-one provinces, each managed by a governor-general appointed by the Minister of the Interior. Yet, this centralized system is a relatively modern…
2018. Iraq is a tapestry of ancient faiths, from Mandaean river baptisms to Zoroastrian fire temples.While Iraq is predominantly Muslim, its religious landscape is defined by millennia of coexistence and displacement. From the ancient Mandaean reliance on flowing water for baptis…
2019. Iraq is caught in a crossfire it never asked to joinSince February 2026, Iraq has become a primary theater for a regional war that threatens to shatter its hard-won stability. Caught between American-Israeli strikes and Iranian ret…
2020. Iraq is the cradle of civilization, where humanity first put words on clay tablets.Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers lies a cultural legacy that invented writing, law, and mathematics. From ancient Sumerian epics to the intellectual zenith of the Abbasid C…
2021. Iraq serves as the spiritual heart of the Twelver Shiʿi Islamic world today.While Iran is a prominent Shiʿi republic, Iraq remains the traditional physical and spiritual center of the faith. Home to the most significant holy cities and historic religious …
2022. Iraq's latest census reveals a population of over 46 million, yet ethnicity remains uncounted.After years of uncertainty and reliance on outdated, potentially manipulated figures, Iraq has finally conducted a comprehensive national census. The 2024 count provides a clear s…
2023. Iraq’s administrative map is a shifting landscape of nineteen, and potentially twenty, distinct governorates.Iraq is currently divided into nineteen governorates, but the nation’s internal borders remain fluid. From the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region to the recent official recognition …
2024. Iraq’s Christian community is one of the world’s oldest, yet its future remains fragile.For two millennia, indigenous Assyrians have maintained a continuous Christian presence in Mesopotamia. Once numbering over a million, this historic community has faced centuries …
2025. Iraq’s name may echo Uruk, humanity’s early megacityOfficially the Republic of Iraq, the country sits on the Tigris–Euphrates plains once called Mesopotamia. From the sixth millennium BCE those rivers nursed Sumer, Akkad, and Babyl…
2026. Iraq’s plain taught the world cities, writing, and lawModern Iraq overlaps ancient Mesopotamia—the so-called cradle of civilization. Sumer rose between about 6000 and 5000 BC in the Ubaid Neolithic. There the first cities, cursive sc…
2027. Iraqi Kurdistan: A mountainous region defined by millennia of shifting empires and resilienceIraqi Kurdistan is a semi-autonomous mountainous territory in northern Iraq with a history stretching from prehistoric Neanderthal settlements to modern federalism. Long caught be…
2028. Irawati Karve was a pioneering Indian sociologist whose legacy remains complex and debated today.As India's first female sociologist and anthropologist, Irawati Karve bridged classical Indology with physical anthropology. Despite her prolific output and wide-ranging intellect…
2029. Irbid: A Jordanian City That Has Been Continuously Inhabited Since 3200 BCLong before it became a modern hub for higher education and internet cafes, Irbid was a thriving center of ancient trade. From its origins as a Bronze Age settlement to its fame a…
2030. IRC: The Global Chat RoomHow Internet Relay Chat, born at a Finnish university, carried live conversations across a world-wide tree of linked servers, and what that design gave and cost.
2031. Ireland exported corned beef for centuries while most Irish people rarely ate itCorned beef and cabbage on Saint Patrick's Day is an Irish-American habit, not an Irish national dish. For centuries Irish ports shipped salted beef across the British Empire, but…
2032. Ireland is finally moving to build its first ever metro systemDublin is currently planning a massive infrastructure project to modernize its transport network. This video examines the $27 billion initiative, exploring how Ireland aims to clo…
2033. Ireland once dominated Eurovision, winning four times in a single decade during the 1990s.Ireland holds a joint record of seven Eurovision victories, including an unmatched streak of three consecutive wins between 1992 and 1994. While the nation was once the contest's …
2034. Ireland pioneered the blue strip on European car platesBefore the European Union standardized vehicle registration across the continent, Ireland was the first to adopt the iconic blue vertical band. This design choice, which now featu…
2035. Ireland: GDP per person then and nowIn 1960, GDP per person in Ireland was $707. In 2025 it was $131,592.
2036. Ireland: infant mortality then and nowIn 1960, infant mortality in Ireland was 30.4 deaths per 1,000 live births. In 2024 it was 3.4 deaths per 1,000 live births.
2037. Ireland: internet users then and nowIn 1990, internet users in Ireland was 0.0%. In 2024 it was 97.2%.
2038. Ireland: life expectancy then and nowIn 1960, life expectancy in Ireland was 70.2 years. In 2024 it was 83.0 years.
2039. Ireland: population then and nowIn 1960, population in Ireland was 2.8 million. In 2025 it was 5.5 million.
2040. Ireland: urban population then and nowIn 1960, urban population in Ireland was 44.9%. In 2025 it was 64.6%.