How a modular chassis transformed Italian mechanized warfare

Wars & Conflicts · Published 16 October 2026 Swipe more like this →

In short: To modernize its forces, the Italian Army moved away from Cold War-era M113 variants toward a more mobile, wheeled platform. The result was the VBM Freccia, an 8×8 armoured vehicle designed to provide infantry brigades with increased firepower and versatile mission capabilities through a modular electronic architecture.

The Freccia family was developed by Iveco Defence Vehicles and OTO Melara to meet the evolving needs of the Italian Army. The project began with a prototype in 1996, eventually leading to a major order of 249 vehicles in 2006. Unlike traditional tracked vehicles, the Freccia utilizes a wheeled 8×8 platform, a choice driven by a doctrinal shift toward greater mobility.

A defining feature of the Freccia is its modular electronic architecture, designed according to the NATO General Vehicle Architecture (STANAG 4754). This 'plug and play' approach allows for the integration of various sensors, effectors, and communication systems—such as the SICCONA C2D command and control system—without requiring massive redesigns. This modularity ensures the platform can adapt to different roles, including infantry fighting, anti-tank, mortar support, and command posts.

The platform is currently undergoing significant evolution through the Freccia PLUS development. This upgrade focuses on increasing engine output from 550 hp to 720 hp via common rail direct injection, while also preparing the vehicle for future hybrid-electric propulsion. Armament is also seeing a transition; while original variants utilized a KBA 25 mm autocannon, the new unmanned Hitfist OWS can be equipped with a Leonardo X-GUN 30mm chain gun and Spike LR2 missiles.

The Italian Army's commitment to the platform remains strong. Following the initial 2006 order, subsequent phases have expanded the fleet. In 2021, a €400 million contract was concluded for a mid-life upgrade (MLU) of the first generation, ensuring the fleet remains technologically relevant against modern threats.

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