Intellect PlusCards starting with S
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Southern California is a seismic powerhouse with a history of near-secession and massive growth.Beyond its famous surf culture and entertainment hubs, Southern California is a complex, sprawling megalopolis of 23.76 million people. While often defined by its Mediterranean cl…
Southern Capital: one of China’s four great ancient seatsNanjing, capital of Jiangsu in the Yangtze River Delta and home to about 9.4 million people, is one of China’s Four Great Ancient Capitals. Its name, meaning Southern Capital, was…
Southern fried chicken has Scottish and West African grandparentsBefore chickens were bred for fast growth, only young spring birds could take the heat of a frying pan, so fried chicken was a seasonal luxury. Its American form blends a Scottish…
Southern Gothic began as an insult that Eudora Welty refused to wearIn 1935 the novelist Ellen Glasgow sneered at Faulkner and Erskine Caldwell for their aimless violence and fantastic nightmares. The label she helped spread, Southern Gothic, beca…
Southern Ontario prepares for a major shift in municipal governanceOn October 26, 2026, voters across Southern Ontario will head to the polls. With several mayors stepping down and council sizes shrinking in cities like Chatham-Kent and Cornwall,…
Southern specialists once named for a northern aukPenguins are flightless seabirds that live almost entirely south of the equator, with only the Galápagos penguin reaching slightly north of it. They range from emperors about 1.1 …
Southport is named after a hotel, not a port that never existedIn the 1790s an innkeeper nicknamed the Old Duke put up a bathing house and then a hotel among empty dunes on the Lancashire coast. He called it the South Port Hotel, though there…
Southwark's firm ground is the reason London stands where it doesTwo thousand years ago the south bank of the Thames was mostly marshy tidal islands, except for one firm strip of ground. Roman engineers built their bridge there around 43 AD, an…
Southwest settled a trademark fight with an arm-wrestling match between CEOsIn March 1992 an aviation company told Southwest that its new slogan, Just Plane Smart, infringed a trademark. Instead of suing, the two chief executives arm-wrestled for it at a …
Southwestern China: A Rugged Frontier Defined by Mountains, Minorities, and Strategic GeopoliticsSpanning from the high Tibetan Plateau to the fertile Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China is a region of immense geographic and cultural complexity. Once a remote frontier, it has e…
Sovereignty's Spectrum: Beyond 'State' or 'Subdivision'The line between a state, a subdivision, and a dependency is far blurrier than most assume. Some territories possess significant autonomy while remaining outside a core state's di…
Soviet partisans were not a unified army but a chaotic, desperate, and often autonomous force.While Soviet propaganda painted the partisan movement as a disciplined, party-led resistance, the reality was far messier. Born from the chaos of the initial German invasion, thes…
Soviet pressure made Pasternak refuse his own NobelBoris Pasternak (1890–1960) wrote My Sister, Life in 1917 (Berlin, 1922) and later Doctor Zhivago (1957), smuggled abroad after Soviet rejection. Awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in L…
Soviet socialist realism required art to be cheerful, clear and loyalFrom 1934 the Soviet state allowed exactly one way to make art: socialist realism. Paintings had to show muscular workers, sunlit fields and busy factories, and tragedy was banned…
Sow thistles got their name from farmers feeding them to nursing pigsSnap a sow thistle stem and white latex oozes out. Farmers took that as a sign and fed the plants to sows with piglets, hoping to boost their milk, and the name stuck. The same ro…
Soweto: The South African Township Born from Segregation and Built for LaborSoweto is more than a city; it is a profound testament to twentieth-century social engineering. Originally designed as a segregated dormitory for Johannesburg’s workforce, this sp…
Soy sauce was invented to make expensive salt go furtherSoy sauce took its modern form in Han dynasty China about 2,200 years ago, and its purpose was thrift: salt was costly, and fermenting it with beans stretched it. The earlier vers…
Soyuz Crew Heads to ISS: A Six-Month Journey AwaitsThe Soyuz spacecraft and booster are positioned at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, marking a critical phase for the upcoming crew rotation. Astronaut Steve Swanson and his Russian collea…
Soyuz launches create unexpected holiday traditions in Earth's orbitWhile many celebrate Thanksgiving around dinner tables on Earth, some astronauts find themselves dining in zero gravity. Recent Soyuz launches from Kazakhstan have carried diverse…
Space agencies are no longer racing each other to the starsThe era of competitive space races is yielding to a model of global cooperation. Instead of nationalistic rivalry, modern exploration relies on international partnerships and comm…
Space exploration begins with a walk through historyBefore heading into the void of orbit, the next generation of astronauts traveled to the heart of Moscow. Their pre-launch journey combined high-tech preparation with traditional …
Space exploration meets education in a cross-border dialogueWatch ISS Commander Mike Fossum bridge the gap between Earth and orbit. This recording captures an educational exchange where students from the Hispanic Engineering, Science and T…
Space food is a high-stakes engineering challenge for human survivalFeeding astronauts is about more than just calories; it is a complex logistical feat involving nutritional biochemistry and specialized hardware. From the early days of tubes to t…
Space is a choppy sea, and we are sailing through its gravitational ripplesSpace is not a static void but a wobbly, roiling fabric. Every time massive objects like black holes or neutron stars collide, they send ripples through the cosmos. These gravitat…
Space is becoming crowded, but Europe is designing a cleaner orbitAs thousands of satellites enter orbit, the risk of debris and environmental impact grows. The European Space Agency is launching 'Clean Space' to ensure that our reach into the s…
Space is filled with natural masers that amplify light across the cosmosAstrophysical masers are naturally occurring sources of stimulated microwave emission found in molecular clouds, comets, and near black holes. Unlike laboratory lasers, these cosm…
Space is full of complex chemistry, but we struggle to see the most common molecules.The vast, cold reaches of space are surprisingly rich in molecules, yet our inventory is heavily biased by the limitations of our telescopes. While we have identified a wide array…
Space is not empty, it is the chemical factory that built our existenceDutch scientist Ewine van Dishoeck investigates how interstellar gas and dust transform into stars, planets, and life. This video explores her career-long mission to decode the ch…
Space is not silent; it has a complex sonic soundtrackWhile we experience the vacuum of space as a void of silence, physicist Janna Levin reveals that the universe actually possesses a distinct sonic composition. This video explores …- Space is the ultimate delivery service for the ingredients of lifeThe building blocks of life on Earth may have arrived as cosmic cargo. New research suggests that the essential chemicals required for biology were delivered by meteorites from th…
Space junk could trigger a chain reaction that closes off orbits for generations.In 1978 NASA scientist Donald Kessler warned that if enough debris built up in low Earth orbit, collisions would create more debris, causing more collisions, in a runaway cascade.…- Space logistics is evolving from simple delivery to high-tech manufacturingSending supplies to the International Space Station is no longer just about restocking a pantry. Modern cargo missions are transforming orbital platforms into laboratories for adv…
Space shuttle Endeavour successfully launches for the International Space StationWatch the precise moment the Endeavour shuttle lifted off from Kennedy Space Center. This video captures the successful launch of mission STS-134, following a previous technical s…
Space stations went from one-shot cans to orbiting building setsSomeone has been living in orbit without a break since October 2000. That streak rests on an idea the Soviets proved in the 1970s and 1980s: instead of launching a sealed can and …
Space's heavy-duty garbage trucks are designed to burn upThe International Space Station relies on a constant cycle of arrivals and departures to survive. While some spacecraft return home for reuse, others serve as disposable workhorse…
Spacecraft are gaining unexpected speed during planetary flybysWhen spacecraft swing past planets like Earth, they often gain more kinetic energy than our best physics models predict. This mysterious nudge, first noticed during the 1990 Galil…- Spacecraft steal a little of a planet's motion to speed upThrow a tennis ball at 30 kilometres an hour toward a train coming at 50, and it bounces back at 130. Spacecraft pull the same trick with planets: swinging close past a moving wor…
Spaced practice significantly improves second language learning with specific patterns for long-term memoryA meta-analysis of 48 experiments involving 3,411 participants found that spacing out practice sessions has a medium-to-large positive effect on learning a second language. The re…- Spaceflight can trigger the reactivation of viruses that have been dormant for years.Space travel impacts the human body in unexpected ways. This video explains how the unique environment of space can cause viruses like chicken pox or mono to reawaken after years …
- Spaceflight in 2023: A mix of rapid progress and significant technical setbacksScott Manley reviews the early 2023 space landscape, highlighting a high frequency of launches alongside notable failures. This update covers the challenges facing private space c…
Spaceflight milestones: SpaceX hits 500 Falcon 9 launches while Rocket Lab breaks recordsScott Manley reviews recent spaceflight activity, including the 500th launch of the Falcon 9 rocket and new performance records set by Rocket Lab. This update provides a concise o…
Spaceflight updates: From Starship's fourth flight to Boeing's ongoing Starliner delaysScott Manley provides a comprehensive update on recent space industry developments, covering everything from China's latest rocket launch to the return of human spaceflight on Blu…
Spacetime wormholes may explain how evaporating black holes preserve informationResearchers using a theoretical model have shown how spacetime wormholes connecting different copies of a system can justify how black holes release information. By studying geome…- Spacewalks are critical maintenance tasks for the International Space StationBeyond the cinematic drama of space exploration lies the grueling reality of orbital maintenance. From deploying nanosatellites to repairing science hardware, astronauts perform h…
Spacewar! on a PDP-1 made games a shared campus virusVideo games began on 1950s–60s lab computers as demos and simulations. Spacewar!, written in 1962 for MIT’s PDP-1 by Steve Russell and colleagues, became the first widely shared t…
SpaceX achieves a spectacular milestone with the second integrated flight of its massive rocket.The Starship and Superheavy system recently completed its second integrated flight test. While the launch provided the expected excitement and demonstrated the scale of this fully…
SpaceX concludes the V2 era as Starship prepares for its next major evolutionScott Manley reviews the final flight of the Starship V2 program. This mission successfully achieved all planned objectives without any unexpected failures, marking a clean transi…- SpaceX CRS-26 delivers essential power upgrades and fresh food experiments to the space station.This broadcast covers the launch of the SpaceX CRS-26 mission from Kennedy Space Center. It is worth watching to see how NASA is upgrading the International Space Station's power …
SpaceX CRS-26: Delivering fresh food technology and power upgrades to the space stationThis broadcast covers the SpaceX CRS-26 cargo mission launch from Kennedy Space Center. Beyond the logistics of resupply, the mission is notable for its focus on advancing long-te…- SpaceX Delivers Antarctic Moss and Solar Wind Experiments to the International Space StationThe 31st SpaceX resupply mission recently launched from Kennedy Space Center, carrying over 6,000 pounds of cargo to the International Space Station. Beyond essential supplies and…
SpaceX delivers critical research and supplies to the International Space StationThis mission marks the 34th commercial resupply flight for SpaceX. Watch as the Dragon spacecraft carries thousands of pounds of scientific equipment and cargo to the orbiting lab…- SpaceX delivers critical science and power upgrades to the International Space StationThis NASA broadcast covers the 22nd SpaceX cargo mission, detailing the scientific experiments and hardware upgrades heading to the International Space Station. Discover how these…
- SpaceX delivers over 5,000 pounds of cargo to the International Space StationThis video highlights the SpaceX CRS-5 mission, the company's fifth resupply flight to the International Space Station. It details the cargo being transported and introduces a key…
SpaceX Dragon and Varda return from space as new missions prepare for launchScott Manley provides a roundup of recent spaceflight news, covering rocket launches, mission failures, and the latest developments from SpaceX, Dawn Aerospace, and Axiom Space. T…- SpaceX Dragon delivers over two tons of supplies to the International Space StationThis update covers the arrival of the SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft at the International Space Station. It highlights the fifth contracted resupply mission, which brought essenti…
- SpaceX Dragon Delivers Science and Espresso to the International Space Station in 2015In April 2015, a SpaceX Dragon capsule successfully docked with the International Space Station, marking the company's sixth NASA-contracted resupply mission. Beyond essential foo…
- SpaceX Dragon delivers vital cargo and scientific tools to the International Space StationFrom regenerating flatworms to wooden probes, SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft is more than just a delivery truck. Carrying tons of supplies, these missions support hundreds of experime…
- SpaceX Dragon heads to the International Space StationThis video details the successful launch of a SpaceX Dragon cargo spacecraft. It explores the mission's vital role in delivering essential scientific research and supplies to the …
SpaceX Dragon is becoming a vital lifeline for orbital researchMore than just a delivery truck, the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is now essential for maintaining the International Space Station's altitude and advancing human medicine. From manufa…- SpaceX Dragon is restoring a lost American capability to orbitFor years, the United States lacked a dedicated way to ferry cargo to its orbital laboratory. That changed on October 7 with the launch of SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft, marking the …